Objective: Cover the Development of Communism and Socialism

Philosophy

MARXISM

Communism and SocialismAre two other kinds of economic philosophies

that some nations practiceCommunism is a command economy where the

government owns and controls almost all businesses

Socialism is a mixed economy where the government owns some of the major businesses in the country

And where people outside the government made some economic decisions

Ideas of Karl MarxBorn on May 5, 1818Jewish Philosopher, Political Economist,

Historian, and Sociologist,Converted as a ChristianIs considered the farther of Socialism and

CommunismWrote the Communist ManifestoBelieved workers were being treated badly by

Capitalist Believed the workers would rise up and

overthrow the rich

Three Parts of Marxism •Philosophical Basis

Derives much from HegelNeatly inverts the key central

idea of Hegelian perspective•Theories of Political

Economy Follow from the philosophical

positionTheory of Surplus Value Labor theory of Value

•Theory of Revolution

German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

proposed that truth is reached by a

continuing dialectic, in which a concept

(thesis) always gives rise to its opposite

(antithesis), and the interaction between

these two leads to the creation of a new

concept (synthesis). Hegel employed this dialectical method in

such works as The Phenomenology of

Mind (1807) to explain history and the

evolution

Working ConditionsWorkers were paid very littleWorkers worked 16 hrs a day on averageIn very dangerous and unclean conditionsIf a worker was injured on the job he was

fired and replacedChildren as young as seven worked 16 hrs a

day

Class Struggle• Active

expression of class conflict looked at from any kind of socialist perspective

• Main class struggleBourgeoisieProletariat

Class • Refers to the

hierarchical distinctions between individuals or groups in societies or cultures

• Social classes in capitalist societies Bourgeoisie

Petite Bourgeoisie Proletariat Lumpen Proletariat Landlords Peasantry and Farmers

People in the lower middle class, a group traditionally

including small business

operators, craftspeople, and

trades people

2 Main Class Struggles Bourgeoisie Proletariat

Those who own means of production

Control the process of production

Buy labor power from proletariat

Their wealth depend on the work of the proletariat

exploit proletariat

Individuals who sell their labor power

Add value to the products

Do not own means of production

Labor power generates surplus value greater than the worker's wages

Stages of Development

Primitive Communism

Slave Society

Feudalism

Capitalism

Socialism

Communism

Primitive Communism • As seen in

cooperative tribal societies

everyone would share in what was produced by hunting and gathering

no private property primitive society

produced no surplus few things that existed

for any length of time were held communally

there would have been no state

Slave Society • When the tribe

becomes a city-state. Aristocracy is born Systematic exploitation of

labor Compelled to work for

another held against their will from

the time of their capture, purchase, or birth

deprived of the right to leave, to refuse to work, or to receive compensation in return for their labor

Feudalism • Aristocracy is the

ruling class• Merchants develop into

capitalistsderived from the Latin word feodum

composed of a set of reciprocal legal and military obligations among the warrior nobility

revolving around the three key concepts 1. lord2. Vassals3. fiefs

In medieval Europe, a powerful land- or property-

owner, with authority over an area, castle, or

community

Dependent landholder in feudal society

A piece of land formerly granted

by a feudal lord to somebody in

return for service

Capitalism • Ruling class, who

create and employ the true working class Economic system in which

the private ownership of property is protected by law

mode of production characterized bypredominant private

ownership of the means of production

distribution and exchange in a mainly market

economy

• Has been dominant in the Western world since the end of feudalism

• Provided the main, but not exclusive, means of industrialization throughout much of the world

Capitalism• Dictatorship of

the Proletariat

• Workers gain class consciousness

• Share the belief that capitalism unfairly concentrates power

• Achieved via class struggle and a proletarian revolution which represents the transitional stage between capitalism and communism

• Classless and stateless society

• Socioeconomic structure and political ideology

• Based on common ownership of the means of production and property in general

Socialism Communis

m

Under CommunismThere would be no private propertyAll people would share wealthAfter a while the government would

disappearLeaving a worker’s paradise

Socialism TodayPeople who believe in

socialism are called socialists

Socialists believe public(government) ownership protects workers from bad working conditions and low pay

They believe the government should answer the three basic questions of economics

Socialism TodaySocialists want to make sure no one becomes

too rich or too poorSocialists want to control key parts of the

economy such as Health Care, Banking, Railroads, Mines, Steel Industry

In socialist countries must services are free such as: education, child care, medical, unemployment and retirement benefits

However taxes in these countries are extremely high in some cases 60% of your income

Communism TodayUnder communism government

owns everythingPeople are told where to work

and pay is set by the governmentPeople’s Republic of China is

under communismGovernment directs the economyFarmers may rent land from the

government for a priceIn 1989 a student up rising was

crushed by the communist in Tiananmen SquareDuring the spring of 1989 prodemocracy student activists staged a

series of demonstrations in Tiananmen Square in Beijing. As a symbol of their protest, demonstrators erected a 10-m (33-ft) statue called Goddess of Democracy, modeled after the Statue of Liberty in the United States. Hundreds of protestors died on June 3 and 4, 1989,

when the Chinese government ordered the military to crack down on the protest.

AnalysisAlthough Marxism is an alternative for

capitalism was a great idea, we still found this not good.

Our reason is that if the country which is not that advanced would grasp this concept and apply this; we would also have a hard time.

The equality in democracy that we have today could be means of having the will to achieve something.

If communism would be applied in the Philippines, then, most of us would just be dependent since we could still have something for our living due to the equal distribution of resources.