Download - Philosophy of man 12
Objective: Cover the Development of Communism and Socialism
Philosophy
MARXISM
Communism and SocialismAre two other kinds of economic philosophies
that some nations practiceCommunism is a command economy where the
government owns and controls almost all businesses
Socialism is a mixed economy where the government owns some of the major businesses in the country
And where people outside the government made some economic decisions
Ideas of Karl MarxBorn on May 5, 1818Jewish Philosopher, Political Economist,
Historian, and Sociologist,Converted as a ChristianIs considered the farther of Socialism and
CommunismWrote the Communist ManifestoBelieved workers were being treated badly by
Capitalist Believed the workers would rise up and
overthrow the rich
Three Parts of Marxism •Philosophical Basis
Derives much from HegelNeatly inverts the key central
idea of Hegelian perspective•Theories of Political
Economy Follow from the philosophical
positionTheory of Surplus Value Labor theory of Value
•Theory of Revolution
German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
proposed that truth is reached by a
continuing dialectic, in which a concept
(thesis) always gives rise to its opposite
(antithesis), and the interaction between
these two leads to the creation of a new
concept (synthesis). Hegel employed this dialectical method in
such works as The Phenomenology of
Mind (1807) to explain history and the
evolution
Working ConditionsWorkers were paid very littleWorkers worked 16 hrs a day on averageIn very dangerous and unclean conditionsIf a worker was injured on the job he was
fired and replacedChildren as young as seven worked 16 hrs a
day
Class Struggle• Active
expression of class conflict looked at from any kind of socialist perspective
• Main class struggleBourgeoisieProletariat
Class • Refers to the
hierarchical distinctions between individuals or groups in societies or cultures
• Social classes in capitalist societies Bourgeoisie
Petite Bourgeoisie Proletariat Lumpen Proletariat Landlords Peasantry and Farmers
People in the lower middle class, a group traditionally
including small business
operators, craftspeople, and
trades people
2 Main Class Struggles Bourgeoisie Proletariat
Those who own means of production
Control the process of production
Buy labor power from proletariat
Their wealth depend on the work of the proletariat
exploit proletariat
Individuals who sell their labor power
Add value to the products
Do not own means of production
Labor power generates surplus value greater than the worker's wages
Stages of Development
Primitive Communism
Slave Society
Feudalism
Capitalism
Socialism
Communism
Primitive Communism • As seen in
cooperative tribal societies
everyone would share in what was produced by hunting and gathering
no private property primitive society
produced no surplus few things that existed
for any length of time were held communally
there would have been no state
Slave Society • When the tribe
becomes a city-state. Aristocracy is born Systematic exploitation of
labor Compelled to work for
another held against their will from
the time of their capture, purchase, or birth
deprived of the right to leave, to refuse to work, or to receive compensation in return for their labor
Feudalism • Aristocracy is the
ruling class• Merchants develop into
capitalistsderived from the Latin word feodum
composed of a set of reciprocal legal and military obligations among the warrior nobility
revolving around the three key concepts 1. lord2. Vassals3. fiefs
In medieval Europe, a powerful land- or property-
owner, with authority over an area, castle, or
community
Dependent landholder in feudal society
A piece of land formerly granted
by a feudal lord to somebody in
return for service
Capitalism • Ruling class, who
create and employ the true working class Economic system in which
the private ownership of property is protected by law
mode of production characterized bypredominant private
ownership of the means of production
distribution and exchange in a mainly market
economy
• Has been dominant in the Western world since the end of feudalism
• Provided the main, but not exclusive, means of industrialization throughout much of the world
Capitalism• Dictatorship of
the Proletariat
• Workers gain class consciousness
• Share the belief that capitalism unfairly concentrates power
• Achieved via class struggle and a proletarian revolution which represents the transitional stage between capitalism and communism
• Classless and stateless society
• Socioeconomic structure and political ideology
• Based on common ownership of the means of production and property in general
Socialism Communis
m
Under CommunismThere would be no private propertyAll people would share wealthAfter a while the government would
disappearLeaving a worker’s paradise
Socialism TodayPeople who believe in
socialism are called socialists
Socialists believe public(government) ownership protects workers from bad working conditions and low pay
They believe the government should answer the three basic questions of economics
Socialism TodaySocialists want to make sure no one becomes
too rich or too poorSocialists want to control key parts of the
economy such as Health Care, Banking, Railroads, Mines, Steel Industry
In socialist countries must services are free such as: education, child care, medical, unemployment and retirement benefits
However taxes in these countries are extremely high in some cases 60% of your income
Communism TodayUnder communism government
owns everythingPeople are told where to work
and pay is set by the governmentPeople’s Republic of China is
under communismGovernment directs the economyFarmers may rent land from the
government for a priceIn 1989 a student up rising was
crushed by the communist in Tiananmen SquareDuring the spring of 1989 prodemocracy student activists staged a
series of demonstrations in Tiananmen Square in Beijing. As a symbol of their protest, demonstrators erected a 10-m (33-ft) statue called Goddess of Democracy, modeled after the Statue of Liberty in the United States. Hundreds of protestors died on June 3 and 4, 1989,
when the Chinese government ordered the military to crack down on the protest.
AnalysisAlthough Marxism is an alternative for
capitalism was a great idea, we still found this not good.
Our reason is that if the country which is not that advanced would grasp this concept and apply this; we would also have a hard time.
The equality in democracy that we have today could be means of having the will to achieve something.
If communism would be applied in the Philippines, then, most of us would just be dependent since we could still have something for our living due to the equal distribution of resources.