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Stanislaw M. Pietruszko, PV Centre, Poland Warsaw, 07.10.2004
Photovoltaics research and development in EU New
Member and Candidate States
Stanislaw M. PIETRUSZKOStanislaw M. PIETRUSZKO
PV-NAS-NET Co-ordinatorPV-NAS-NET Co-ordinator Warsaw University of TechnologyWarsaw University of Technology
POLANDPOLAND
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Stanislaw M. Pietruszko, PV Centre, Poland Warsaw, 07.10.2004
ContentContent
• Overview of the PV situation in the EU New Member States
• PV support mechanisms in the EU new Member States
• Successes, challenges, needs
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Stanislaw M. Pietruszko, PV Centre, Poland Warsaw, 07.10.2004
“Status of Photovoltaics in the Newly Associated States”
Organization of PV RTD and demo activities
Stakeholders involved in RTD
Scientific potential of NAS PV community
PV activities carried out in NAS countries
PV policies and support mechanisms
Achievements and barriers, challenges and needs to the development of PV
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Stanislaw M. Pietruszko, PV Centre, Poland Warsaw, 07.10.2004
EUEU Countries* Countries*population:population: 37 3766 mi mioo..area:area: 33.2.2 mi mioo. km. km22
PV installed:PV installed: ~ ~ 588588 MW MW*incl. CHE and NOR
88 New EU Countries New EU Countries plus Bulgaria and Romaniaplus Bulgaria and Romania
population:population: 1 10606 mi mioo..area:area: 11.8.8 mi mioo. km. km22
PV installed:PV installed: ~ 0 ~ 0..77 MW MW
Installed PV powerInstalled PV power
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Stanislaw M. Pietruszko, PV Centre, Poland Warsaw, 07.10.2004
Installed PV powerInstalled PV power
Total installed power (kW) Total installed power/capita
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Stanislaw M. Pietruszko, PV Centre, Poland Warsaw, 07.10.2004
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
No of staff (total)
No of scientists
Number of staff in the research institutionsworking in the field of PV RTD
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Stanislaw M. Pietruszko, PV Centre, Poland Warsaw, 07.10.2004
FFunds for PV RTD and unds for PV RTD and demonstration/disseminationdemonstration/dissemination (1996-2003) (1996-2003)
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
EU
R [
mio
]
Total
RTD
Demonstration
Total (14 Mio Euro) Per capita
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Stanislaw M. Pietruszko, PV Centre, Poland Warsaw, 07.10.2004
Total funding of the EuropeanEuropean Commission(1996 – 2003)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
tho
us
an
d o
f E
UR
0,00
0,05
0,10
0,15
0,20
0,25
0,30
0,35
0,40
0,45
0,50
EU
R / c
ap
ita
Total funding (thousands of EUR)
(5,3 mio EUR)
Total funding/capita (EUR/capita)
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Stanislaw M. Pietruszko, PV Centre, Poland Warsaw, 07.10.2004
Country Production of c-Si wafers
Producer of solar cells
Producer of modules
Producer of BOS
Bulgaria ICM Ltd. Plovdiv Energy Solutions, 1,5 MW (from 2005)
Two SMEs for inverters
Czech Republic
Terosil - CZ ingotsWafertech - wafering
SOLARTEC SOLARTEC (0,5 MW in 2002) (in cooperation with Czech SME)
Controllers - 3 SMEInverters grid-off only – 3 SMESolar Trackers
Estonia Anne Oy with NAPS
Hungary Dunasolar; a-Si with 3 MW in 2002- stopped production in the middle 2003
small companies produce inverters and controllers
Latvia
Lithuania Venta, Vilnius (small area cells for automotive appls – Volvo)
Saules Energija, Kaunas Saules Energija, Kaunas- for off-grid
Poland SILIMAT - CZ ingots, wafers
PV Enterprise AB subsidiary 2 MW from 2004
ITE, Cracow - controllers, inverters - small scale
Romania Small scale production - by ICPE (interrupted)
small scale production by ICPE -NESL and IPA S.A.;
Slovakia IMCO POWER s.r.o. BratislavaInverters 0,2 -1,3 kVA.
Slovenia
Industry PV activities in NAS Industry PV activities in NAS
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Stanislaw M. Pietruszko, PV Centre, Poland Warsaw, 07.10.2004
CountryRES
Strategy
Share of RES in Production of Electricity with Large Hydro Power -
LHP (%)
1997 2001 2005 2010
Bulgaria 0,2 0,4 2 4,0
Czech Rep. Yes 3,8 3,5 5,1 8,0
Estonia Yes 0,2 0.3 5,1
Hungary Yes 0,7 0,9 3,6
Latvia Yes 42,4 49,3
Lithuania Yes 3,3 7,0
Poland Yes 1,6 1,9 3,0 7,5
Romania Yes 28 29,5 32,0
Slovakia Yes 17,9 21,0
Slovenia Yes 29,9 31,0 33,6
RES share in 10 Newly Associated CountriesRES share in 10 Newly Associated Countries- status and goals - status and goals
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Stanislaw M. Pietruszko, PV Centre, Poland Warsaw, 07.10.2004
RES support mechanisms in EU new membersRES support mechanisms in EU new membersCountry Feed-in tarrif Fiscal
measures Soft loans Subsidies Quota (RPS)
Bulgaria 0.03 €/kWh
Czech Republic
0.20 €/kWh YesUp to 30% of the investment cost
Estonia
Hungary Yes
Latviadouble average sales tariff for the electrical energy
In preparation Yes
Lithuania 0.056 EUR/kWh
Poland Yes Yes2.85% in 2004, up to 7.5% in 2010
Romania Yes Yes1% - 2001
5% - 2010 (without LHP)
Slovakia Income tax exemption
Yes Yes
SloveniaUp to 36 kW - 0,37 EUR/ kWhAbove 36 kW- 0,065 EUR/ kWh
CO2 tax Yes Yes
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Stanislaw M. Pietruszko, PV Centre, Poland Warsaw, 07.10.2004
SUCCESSES
• high intellectual potential
• establishing Centres of Excellence
• international networking
• increasing number of demonstration projects
• increasing number of off-grid systems
• „Sun to Schools” in Czech Republic
• „Development of Photovoltaics for Energy Needs” in Poland
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Stanislaw M. Pietruszko, PV Centre, Poland Warsaw, 07.10.2004
• Obligations arising from White Paper (12% RES) and
Directive 2001/77/EC (22,1% E-RES) in 2010
• enlargement of the EU by 10 states
• dedicated support for PV throughout the whole
Europe
• improvement of the coherence of New Members and
EU PV RTD activities on PV
CHALLENGES
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Stanislaw M. Pietruszko, PV Centre, Poland Warsaw, 07.10.2004
BARRIERS
• absence of clear strategy on RES development
• Low awarness of solar option - PV is “at the end” of RES
• “die hard” prejudices
• weak national RTD funding
• lack of the real PV market
• strong fossil fuels lobby
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Stanislaw M. Pietruszko, PV Centre, Poland Warsaw, 07.10.2004
CONCLUSIONS
• photovoltaics may develop in NAS
• awareness should be increased in society and among the key decision makers.
• the legal and market framework should be developed and strengthened
• NMS can effectively deploy their potential and contribute to corroborate and extend the European leadership in the advanced technologies research and industry.
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Stanislaw M. Pietruszko, PV Centre, Poland Warsaw, 07.10.2004
• Improvement of the coherence of NAS activities
and EU PV RTD programmes on photovoltaics
• Formulation of the recommendations for PV
RTD programming in NAS and EC
PV-NAS-NETFP5 contract no ENK5-CT-2002-80646
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Stanislaw M. Pietruszko, PV Centre, Poland Warsaw, 07.10.2004
Poland - Warsaw Univ. of Technology (WUT)Bulgaria - Lab. of Solar Energy and New Energy Sources (CL SENES)Czech Rep. - SOLARTECEstonia - Tallinn Technical Univ. (TTU)Hungary - Solart-System Ltd. Latvia - Inst. of Physical Energetics (IPE LAS)Lithuania - Semiconductor Physics Institute (SPI)Romania - Romanian (National) Agency for Renewable
Energy (NARE)Slovakia - Slovak Univ. of Technology (SUT) Slovenia - Energy Restructuring Agency (APE)
Netherlands - Novem B.V. Swizerland - NET LtdAustria - ArsenalGreece - CRESFinland - NAPS
PARTICIPANTS
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Stanislaw M. Pietruszko, PV Centre, Poland Warsaw, 07.10.2004
www.pv-nas.net