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PlantsPlants
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I. What is a plant?I. What is a plant?
A. A multicelluar, eukaryote that A. A multicelluar, eukaryote that
has tissues and organs with has tissues and organs with
specialized functions.specialized functions.
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II. Parts of a PlantII. Parts of a Plant
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A. RootsA. Roots Absorb water and nutrientsAbsorb water and nutrients
Anchor plantAnchor plant
Example: carrot, radish, and sweet Example: carrot, radish, and sweet potatopotato
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B. StemsB. Stems
Support leaves and reproductive Support leaves and reproductive structuresstructures
The production of xylem produces the The production of xylem produces the annual ringsannual rings
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C. LeavesC. Leaves Main function is PhotosynthesisMain function is Photosynthesis
Take in COTake in CO2 2 and release Oand release O22
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Classification of LeavesClassification of Leaves
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D. FruitsD. Fruits
Ripened ovaries of flowering plants
Help to distribute seeds
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III. Plant Adaptations to III. Plant Adaptations to LandLand
A.A. CuticleCuticle waxy or fatty coating that helps to prevent waxy or fatty coating that helps to prevent
water losswater loss
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B.B. StomaStoma
allows for gas exchangeallows for gas exchange
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C. SeedsC. Seeds
Contains an embryo and nutrientsContains an embryo and nutrients
Allows for survival of harsh conditionsAllows for survival of harsh conditions
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D. Vascular TissuesD. Vascular Tissues
Specialized transport tissues of water and Specialized transport tissues of water and nutrientsnutrients
Allows for faster transportationAllows for faster transportation
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IV. Plant ClassificationIV. Plant Classification
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A.A. Vascular vs. Nonvascular PlantsVascular vs. Nonvascular Plants
1.1. Nonvascular – substances move through Nonvascular – substances move through cells by diffusion and osmosiscells by diffusion and osmosis
2.2. Vascular- substances move through cells Vascular- substances move through cells by by xylem and phloemxylem and phloem
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a.a. XylemXylem Transports waterTransports water
Composed of Composed of
tracheids and vesselstracheids and vessels
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b.b. PhloemPhloem
Main food carrying tissueMain food carrying tissue
Composed of sieve tube members and Composed of sieve tube members and companion cellscompanion cells
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B. Gymnosperm vs. B. Gymnosperm vs. AngiospermAngiosperm
1.1. GymnospermGymnosperm
Conifer vascular plants:Conifer vascular plants: Examples: pine tree, fir tree, cedar treeExamples: pine tree, fir tree, cedar tree
Seedless vascular plantsSeedless vascular plants Reproduce by sporesReproduce by spores Examples: ferns, cycads, horsetails, ginkgoExamples: ferns, cycads, horsetails, ginkgo
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B. GymnospermsB. Gymnosperms
group of vascular plants group of vascular plants whose seeds are not whose seeds are not enclosed by a ripened ovary enclosed by a ripened ovary (fruit).(fruit).
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Gymnosperms
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2. Angiosperms2. Angiosperms
Vascular Seed PlantsVascular Seed Plants
Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants
Examples: water lilies,Examples: water lilies,
potato plants, rosepotato plants, rose
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C. Monocot vs. DicotC. Monocot vs. Dicot
1. Five Distinguishing Characteristics1. Five Distinguishing Characteristics
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a. Cotyledons a. Cotyledons Cotyledons are used to store nutrients in the seed until the Cotyledons are used to store nutrients in the seed until the
plant is able to produce its own food through photosynthesisplant is able to produce its own food through photosynthesis
MONOCOTSMONOCOTS ““one cotyledon”one cotyledon”
DICOTSDICOTS ““two cotyledons”two cotyledons”
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Floral Parts Floral Parts (Sepals and Petals)(Sepals and Petals)
MONOCOTSMONOCOTS Occurs in 3’sOccurs in 3’s
DICOTSDICOTS Occurs in 4’s or 5’sOccurs in 4’s or 5’s
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Leaf VenationLeaf Venation
MONOCOTSMONOCOTS Parallel venationParallel venation
DICOTSDICOTS Net-like venationNet-like venation
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Pores in Pollen GrainsPores in Pollen Grains
MONOCOTSMONOCOTS Usually consist of Usually consist of
oneone pore in the pore in the pollen grainspollen grains
DICOTSDICOTS Usually consist of Usually consist of
threethree pores in the pores in the pollen grainspollen grains
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Vascular Bundles Vascular Bundles (Xylem and Phloem)(Xylem and Phloem)
MONOCOTSMONOCOTS Vascular bundles are Vascular bundles are
scatteredscattered (xylem (xylem and phloem)and phloem)
DICOTSDICOTS Vascular bundles are Vascular bundles are
arranged in a arranged in a circlecircle
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DICOTS MONOCOTS
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RootsRoots
RootsRootsprovides support and provides support and
the stems the stems
and leaves with and leaves with
water and water and
dissolved mineralsdissolved minerals
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FlowersFlowers-contains the plant's reproductive -contains the plant's reproductive organs, organs, and its function is to produce seeds and its function is to produce seeds
through through reproductionreproduction
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Monocot or Dicot?Monocot or Dicot?
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Monocot or Dicot?Monocot or Dicot?
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Monocot or Dicot?Monocot or Dicot?
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Monocot or Dicot?Monocot or Dicot?