PlantsPlants

I. What is a plant?I. What is a plant?

A. A multicelluar, eukaryote that A. A multicelluar, eukaryote that

has tissues and organs with has tissues and organs with

specialized functions.specialized functions.

II. Parts of a PlantII. Parts of a Plant

A. RootsA. Roots Absorb water and nutrientsAbsorb water and nutrients

Anchor plantAnchor plant

Example: carrot, radish, and sweet Example: carrot, radish, and sweet potatopotato

B. StemsB. Stems

Support leaves and reproductive Support leaves and reproductive structuresstructures

The production of xylem produces the The production of xylem produces the annual ringsannual rings

C. LeavesC. Leaves Main function is PhotosynthesisMain function is Photosynthesis

Take in COTake in CO2 2 and release Oand release O22

Classification of LeavesClassification of Leaves

D. FruitsD. Fruits

Ripened ovaries of flowering plants

Help to distribute seeds

III. Plant Adaptations to III. Plant Adaptations to LandLand

A.A. CuticleCuticle waxy or fatty coating that helps to prevent waxy or fatty coating that helps to prevent

water losswater loss

B.B. StomaStoma

allows for gas exchangeallows for gas exchange

C. SeedsC. Seeds

Contains an embryo and nutrientsContains an embryo and nutrients

Allows for survival of harsh conditionsAllows for survival of harsh conditions

D. Vascular TissuesD. Vascular Tissues

Specialized transport tissues of water and Specialized transport tissues of water and nutrientsnutrients

Allows for faster transportationAllows for faster transportation

IV. Plant ClassificationIV. Plant Classification

A.A. Vascular vs. Nonvascular PlantsVascular vs. Nonvascular Plants

1.1. Nonvascular – substances move through Nonvascular – substances move through cells by diffusion and osmosiscells by diffusion and osmosis

2.2. Vascular- substances move through cells Vascular- substances move through cells by by xylem and phloemxylem and phloem

a.a. XylemXylem Transports waterTransports water

Composed of Composed of

tracheids and vesselstracheids and vessels

b.b. PhloemPhloem

Main food carrying tissueMain food carrying tissue

Composed of sieve tube members and Composed of sieve tube members and companion cellscompanion cells

B. Gymnosperm vs. B. Gymnosperm vs. AngiospermAngiosperm

1.1. GymnospermGymnosperm

Conifer vascular plants:Conifer vascular plants: Examples: pine tree, fir tree, cedar treeExamples: pine tree, fir tree, cedar tree

Seedless vascular plantsSeedless vascular plants Reproduce by sporesReproduce by spores Examples: ferns, cycads, horsetails, ginkgoExamples: ferns, cycads, horsetails, ginkgo

B. GymnospermsB. Gymnosperms

group of vascular plants group of vascular plants whose seeds are not whose seeds are not enclosed by a ripened ovary enclosed by a ripened ovary (fruit).(fruit).

Gymnosperms

2. Angiosperms2. Angiosperms

Vascular Seed PlantsVascular Seed Plants

Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants

Examples: water lilies,Examples: water lilies,

potato plants, rosepotato plants, rose

C. Monocot vs. DicotC. Monocot vs. Dicot

1. Five Distinguishing Characteristics1. Five Distinguishing Characteristics

a. Cotyledons a. Cotyledons Cotyledons are used to store nutrients in the seed until the Cotyledons are used to store nutrients in the seed until the

plant is able to produce its own food through photosynthesisplant is able to produce its own food through photosynthesis

MONOCOTSMONOCOTS ““one cotyledon”one cotyledon”

DICOTSDICOTS ““two cotyledons”two cotyledons”

Floral Parts Floral Parts (Sepals and Petals)(Sepals and Petals)

MONOCOTSMONOCOTS Occurs in 3’sOccurs in 3’s

DICOTSDICOTS Occurs in 4’s or 5’sOccurs in 4’s or 5’s

Leaf VenationLeaf Venation

MONOCOTSMONOCOTS Parallel venationParallel venation

DICOTSDICOTS Net-like venationNet-like venation

Pores in Pollen GrainsPores in Pollen Grains

MONOCOTSMONOCOTS Usually consist of Usually consist of

oneone pore in the pore in the pollen grainspollen grains

DICOTSDICOTS Usually consist of Usually consist of

threethree pores in the pores in the pollen grainspollen grains

Vascular Bundles Vascular Bundles (Xylem and Phloem)(Xylem and Phloem)

MONOCOTSMONOCOTS Vascular bundles are Vascular bundles are

scatteredscattered (xylem (xylem and phloem)and phloem)

DICOTSDICOTS Vascular bundles are Vascular bundles are

arranged in a arranged in a circlecircle

DICOTS MONOCOTS

RootsRoots

RootsRootsprovides support and provides support and

the stems the stems

and leaves with and leaves with

water and water and

dissolved mineralsdissolved minerals

FlowersFlowers-contains the plant's reproductive -contains the plant's reproductive organs, organs, and its function is to produce seeds and its function is to produce seeds

through through reproductionreproduction

Monocot or Dicot?Monocot or Dicot?

Monocot or Dicot?Monocot or Dicot?

Monocot or Dicot?Monocot or Dicot?

Monocot or Dicot?Monocot or Dicot?