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ComputerSystemsJožef Stefan Institute
POS tagging probability weighted method for matching the Internet recipe ingredients
with food composition data
Tome Eftimov Barbara Koroušić Seljak {tome.eftimov, barbara.korousic}@ijs.si
Computer Systems Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
KDIR 2015 – 7th International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Information Retrieval
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Overview • Motivation • Introduction • Related work • Problem definition • Evaluation and results • Conclusion
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Motivation
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Introduction • Food composition databases (FCDBs)
• Internet recipes
• Information retrieval method
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Related work • Matching text concepts to an entry in a knowledge
base has been addressed in many ways
• Muller et al. (2012) presented a system that automatically calculates the nutritional content of recipes sourced on Internet
• 6 human assessors manually evaluate list of ingredients for ambiguous ingredient names
• 1,515 positively classified instances to witch they added the same number of negatively classified instances
• features extraction and penalized regression model • 91.1% of the recipes they used were matched completely
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Problem definition • People use human language to
write the names of the used ingredients § “salt - iodised”, “iodised salt”,
“salt, idodised”
• Ingredient synonymy problem • The form of the ingredient and the
cooking process
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Proposed method (1/2)
• POS tagging (NN*,JJ*,VB*)
• String similarity - Jaccard index
• Laplace probability estimate
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Proposed method (2/2)
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Evaluation and results
• Data – collection of 721 recipes written in English 1
• 1,615 different names of ingredients • EuroFIR FCDB 2
§ food table § ENGFDNM
• 44,033 English names of food analyses
1 http://allrecipes.com/ 2 EuroFIR – non-profit Association under the Belgian law, http://www.eurofir.org/
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Data pre-processing • Remove punctuations
• Convert each name in lower case letters
• Whitespace tokenization
• Lemmatization, only for nouns
• Manually created rules (without skin; skinless), (with salt; salted)
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Experiment 1
Recipe FCDB Code
gibanica prekmurskagibanica RECMEM000162
omakasojinasojinaomakatamari
(izsoje) 16124
pomaranče pomaranča P0402
melonamelonacasaba
melonahoneydew91839184
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Experiment 2 (1/2)
saltgarlic
onion
ground-black-pepper
olive-oilwatervegetable-oil
soy-sauce
all-purpose-flour
pepper
garlic-powder
butter
white-sugar
brown-sugar
cheddar-cheese
cornstarch
mozzarella-cheese
worcestershire-sauce
milk
ketchup
green-bell-pepperdried-oregano
green-onions
parmesan-cheese
cayenne-pepper
black-peppereggssesame-oil
red-onion
fresh-mushrooms
ground-beef
chicken-broth
freshly-ground-black-pepper
celery
honey
lemon-juice
paprika
red-pepper-flakesskinless,-boneless-chicken-breast-halves
tomato
hot-pepper-sauce
chili-powder
egg
pork-spareribs
carrots
eggs,-beaten
lean-ground-beef
swiss-cheese
bacon
ground-cumin
onions
tomatoes
fresh-parsley
barbeque-sauce
dried-thyme
fresh-cilantro
red-bell-pepper
fresh-ginger-root
mayonnaise
sour-cream
ground-ginger
active-dry-yeast
garlic-salt
pizza-sauce
green-onion
peanut-oil
warm-water
condensed-cream-of-mushroom-soup
fresh-ginger
kosher-saltzucchini
balsamic-vinegar
crumbled-feta-cheese
mushrooms
onion-powder
tomato-sauce beef-broth
ground-nutmeg
monterey-jack-cheese
sesame-seeds
sweet-onion
cooking-spray
mushrooms,-drained
rice-vinegar
sugar
tomato-paste
broccoli-florets
carrot
condensed-cream-of-chicken-soup
egg,-beaten
fresh-rosemary
orange-juice
pepperoni
cold-water
curry-powder
dijon-mustard
dried-basil
ground-cinnamon
hamburger-bunslime-juice
oyster-sauce
red-pepperbaby-back-pork-ribs
beef-short-ribs
black-olives
butter,-melted
dried-parsley
dry-bread-crumbs
ground-turkeypork-tenderloin
cider-vinegar
dry-sherry
green-bell-pepper,-seeded
pre-baked-pizza-crust
prepared-mustard
ricotta-cheese
unbaked-pie-crust
vinegar
beer
boneless-pork-loin-roastcountry-style-pork-ribs
dry-mustard
fish-sauce
fresh-basil
heavy-cream
pastry
red-wine-vinegar
teriyaki-sauce
white-vinegar
broccoli
cooked-ham
distilled-white-vinegar
hoisin-sauce
italian-seasoning
lemon,-juiced
oil
white-wine
yellow-onion
apple-cider-vinegar
baking-powder
barbecue-sauce
bay-leaves
bread-flour
buttermilk
canola-oil
dried-rosemary
dry-onion-soup-mix
evaporated-milk
extra-virgin-olive-oil
fresh-spinach
liquid-smoke-flavoring
more
orange-zest
chicken-stock
chili-sauce
fresh-chives
fresh-lemon-juice
ground-chicken
ground-white-pepper
lettuce
low-sodium-soy-sauce
melted-butter
peanut-butter
potatoes,-peeled
romaine-lettuce
toasted-sesame-seeds
baking-soda
beef-chuck-roast
bok-choy
cabbage
coarsely-ground-black-pepper
cornmeal
cream-cheese,-softened
eggs,-lightly-beaten
fresh-thyme
ground-cloves
half-and-half
ham
margarine
prepared-yellow-mustard
provolone-cheese
red-wine
seasoned-salt
avocado---peeled,-pitted
brown-rice
celery-salt
chinese-five-spice-powder
coconut-milk
corn-tortillas
cucumber
dried-cranberries
enchilada-sauce
fresh-broccoli
garlic,-peeled
ginger
ground-coriander
heavy-whipping-creamitalian-seasoned-bread-crumbs
lemon-zest
lime,-juiced
panko-bread-crumbs
plain-yogurt
pork-baby-back-ribs
potatoes,-peeled-and-cubed
red-bell-peppers
red-potatoes
refrigerated-pizza-doughrice-wine
rice-wine-vinegar
salami
salsa
skinless,-boneless-chicken-breast
steak-sauce
sun-dried-tomatoes
white-wine-vinegar
whole-chicken
artichoke-hearts,-drained
baby-back-ribs
black-beans,-rinsed-and-drained
bulk-italian-sausage
butter,-softened
cajun-seasoning
carrots,-peeled
cauliflower
celery-seed
cooked-chicken
egg-whites
flour-tortillas
fresh-lime-juice
fresh-mint
frozen-spinach,-thawed-and-drainedgaram-masala
ground-pork
ground-turmeric
herbes-de-provence
hot-chile-paste
hot-sauce
hot-water
iceberg-lettuce
jalapeno-pepper
lemon-pepper
maple-syrup
molasses
pepperoni-sausage
pork-chops
prepared-horseradish
reduced-sodium-soy-sauce
refrigerated-crescent-rollsroma-(plum)-tomatoes
romano-cheese
sharp-cheddar-cheese
shortening
shrimp,-peeled-and-deveined
spaghetti
taco-seasoning-mix
uncooked-long-grain-white-rice
walnuts
water-chestnuts,-drained
yellow-cornmeal
applesauce
black-olives,-drained
blue-cheese,-crumbled
bread-crumbs
bulk-pork-sausage
cashews
cherry-tomatoes,-halved
chile-garlic-sauce
coarse-grain-brown-mustard
condensed-tomato-soup
cooked-white-rice
dark-soy-sauce
dried-tarragon
dry-milk-powder
dry-ranch-style-dressing-mix
egg,-lightly-beaten
eggplant
flour
fresh-asparagus
fresh-bread-crumbs
fresh-dill
frozen-bread-dough,-thawed
garbanzo-beans,-drained-and-rinsed
garlic-cloves
green-bell-peppers
ground-allspice
ground-thyme
hickory-flavored-barbeque-sauce
italian-cheese-blend
jalapeno-pepper,-seeded
lime
mexican-cheese-blend
monosodium-glutamate
oil-for-deep-frying
pecans
pineapple
pineapple,-drained
plum-sauce
pork-loin
poultry-seasoning
ranch-dressing
red-bell-pepper,-seeded
refrigerated-pizza-crust
sea-salt
seasoned-bread-crumbs
seasoning-salt
shallot
skinless,-boneless-chicken-breast-halfsteak-seasoning
tomato-juice
tomatoes-with-green-chile-peppers
tomatoes,-drained
white-pepper
whole-cloves
yellow-bell-pepper
asiago-cheese
baby-spinach-leaves
bay-leaf
bean-sprouts
beef-bouillon-granules
beef-brisket
black-beans,-drained
black-peppercorns
boneless-beef-short-ribs
boneless-chicken-breast-halves,-cooked
boneless-country-style-pork-ribs
boneless-pork-loin-chops
burgundy-wine
cherry-tomatoeschile-paste
chile-sauce
chinese-rice-wine
colby-monterey-jack-cheese
condensed-cream-of-celery-soup
crumbled-gorgonzola-cheese
cubed-cooked-chicken
cubed-cooked-ham
curry-paste
dark-sesame-oil
deep-dish-frozen-pie-crusts
dried-marjoramdry-white-wine
eggs,-well-beaten
english-muffins
fennel-seed
feta-cheese
firm-tofu,-drained-and-cubed
flank-steak
french-fried-onions
fresh
fresh-coriander
fresh-corn-kernels
fresh-curry-leaves
fresh-green-chile-peppers
frozen-green-peas,-thawed
frozen-puff-pastry,-thawed
garlic,-pressed
granulated-garlic
grapeseed-oil
green-chile-peppers
ground-lamb
ground-sirloin
hamburger-buns,toasted
heinz-tomato-ketchup
honey-mustard
italian-style-salad-dressing
kikkoman-soy-sauce
lean-ground-turkey
lemon
lettuce-leaves
light-soy-sauce
limes
marinara-sauce
mustard-powder
onions,-coarsely
parsley
peanuts
peeled-and-deveined-shrimp
pesto
pitted-kalamata-olives
pork-tenderloins
portobello-mushroom-caps
prepared-pizza-crust
prime-rib-roast
red-cabbage
roast-beef
roma-tomatoes
rubbed-sage
self-rising-flour
shallots
snap-peas
snow-peas
spaghetti-sauce
spicy-brown-mustard
spinach
sugar-snap-peastarragon-vinegar
tuna,-drainedunbaked-pie-crusts
unbaked-pizza-crust
uncooked-white-rice
vegetable-broth
white-bread
whole-wheat-bread
alfredo-sauce
american-and-cheddar-cheese-blend
american-cheese
angel-hair-pasta
apple
apple-jelly
apple-juice
as-desired
banana
basil
beef-bouillon
beef-chuck-flanken
beef-sirloin-steak
beef-stock
bell-pepper
blue-cheese
brandy
bread
brioche
brown-gravy-mix
canned-tomatoes
cannelloni-noodles
chili-oil
coconut-oil
cold-milk
cooking-oil
couscous
cream-cheese
crumbled-feta
cumin-seed
cumin-seeds
deli-ham
dried-chives
dried-dill-weed
dry-oatmeal
dry-polenta
extra-firm-tofu
firm-tofu
flaked-coconut
flounder
frozen-peasginger-paste
ice-water
instant-rice
kaiser-rolls
kale
linguine
longhorn
onion-salt
peeled-potatoes
pita-breads
porter-beer
potatoes
ranch-style-beans
rice-flour
salt,
softened-butter
tortilla-chips
yeast
almond-meal
arugula
bagel
beef-frankfurters
bell-peppers
bitter-ale
breadcrumbs
brown-ale
buds
capers
chicken
chicken-bouillon-powder
cilantro
clams
corn
corn-bread-mix
corn-oil
cumin
dark-beer
dark-rum
dill
dry-grits
dry-lentils
dry-red-wine
egg-yolk
farfalle-pasta
fennel
fine-salt
flank
fresh-basil-leaves
fresh-okra
garlic,
ginger-ale
glaze:
halibut
imitation-crab-meat
lamb-ribs
lard
leeks
onion,-halved
oregano
panko
port
radish
raisins
red root-beer
rum
sake
salsa,
sunflower-seeds
surimi
tamari
thighs*
tilapia
tuna
turnips
white-rice
whole-milk
• We divided the matches on 4 groups
• Perfect, Very similar, Similar and Incorrect matches
• Perfect - 1,210 (74.92%) • Very similar - 273 (16.90 %) • Similar - 78 (4.84%) • Incorrect - 54 (3.34%)
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Experiment 2 (2/2) • Perfect matches
• (black olives; olives, black) • (fresh ginger; ginger, fresh)
• Very similar matches • (fresh cilantro; spices, coriander seed
(cilantro) ) • (uncooked egg noodles; egg noodles)
• Similar matches • (dry penne pasta; pasta, without egg,
dry)
• Incorrect matches • (angel hair pasta; cake angelfood,
commercially prepared)
• Perfect and very similar matches are 91.82% together
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Conclusion • Method for matching recipe ingredients with food
composition data
• Can be use to explore what is missing in the FCDBs
• No need of labeled data
• The result can be used for feature selection and then solving classification problems
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ComputerSystemsJožef Stefan Institute
Quisper Ontology Learning from Personalized Dietary Web
Services
Tome Eftimov, Barbara Koroušić Seljak, Peter Korošec {tome.eftimov, barbara.korousic,peter.korosec}@ijs.si
Paul Finglas {paul.finglas}@ifr.ac.uk
Computer Systems Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Quisper Ontology Learning
How to extract the knowledge from the data sources using different ways of describing and classifying the data ???
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Quisper Ontology Learning
How to extract the knowledge from the data sources using different ways of describing and classifying the data ???
l Taxonomy l Ontology
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Quisper taxonomy
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Quisper ontology
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Thank you for your attention!!!