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Pre World War II 1920-1939
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BAD GUYS OF WWII
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Bad Guys of WWII…
• Totalitarianism
• the political concept that the citizen should be totally subject to an absolute state authority.
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Socialists and Fascists use the same means to gain power. Rather than a linear line, think of the two as a circle.
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Joseph Stalin
• Nation:
• USSR
• Political Movement:
• Communism (Socialism)
• Political Beliefs:
• The power lies in the state.
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Benito Mussolini
• Nation:
• Italy
• Political Movement:
• Fascism
• Political Beliefs:
• Nationalism
• Military Expansion
• Anti-Communist
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Adolf Hitler
• Nation: • Germany
• Political Movement: • Nazism (Fascism)
• Political Beliefs • Nationalism and
Racism
• Military Expansion
• Strong government Control
• Anti-Communist
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Hideki Tojo
• Nation:
• Japan
• Political Movement:
• Militarism
• Political Beliefs
• Nationalism
• Military Expansion
• Strong government Control
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WHAT’S GOING ON IN THE WORLD??
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First, Dictator Aggression
• Ethiopia (1935) • Mussolini conquers the country after a year fighting
• U.S./League of Nations do nothing
• Rhineland (1936) • West Germany
• Supposed to be permanently demilitarized
• Hitler stations troops
• League of Nations do nothing
• China (1937) • Full Scale war between Japan & China
• U.S. cuts oil exports to Japan
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Hitler…
• Sudetenland (1938) • Region of Czechoslovakia
• Germans live in this region
• Hitler believes he has right to take it over
• Leads to Munich Conference
• Appeasement • Allowing Hitler to get away with small acts of aggression
• Neville Chamberlin-Prime Minister England
• Joseph P. Kennedy-U.S. Ambassador to England
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March, 1939 Czechoslovakia
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Meanwhile, in the USA
• Nye Committee-1935
• Recommends US isolationism
• Neutrality Acts-1936, 1937
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Cash & Carry • 1939
• Less restrictive Neutrality Acts
• Country could buy arms if they picked them up and paid in cash…
• Technically neutral…but favored England…
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Blitz of London, 1940
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Arsenal of Democracy
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1941
• Jan.6, 1941
• FDR’s Four Freedom Speech
• Freedom of Speech, Worship
• Freedom from Want, Fear
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Helping the Allies
• Destroyers for Bases
• Lend-Lease Act
• Ends Cash/Carry…allow England to purchase US arms on Credit
• Atlantic Charter
• FDR meets secretly with Churchill
• Agree to peace time objectives
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Pearl Harbor (Dec, 7 1941)
• Attack lasted less then 2 hours
• 2,400 men killed (1100 on USS Arizona alone)
• 1200 wounded
• 20 warships sunk or damaged
• 150 planes destroyed
• 12/8/41
• US declares war on Japan
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