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Presidential Powers
• Article 2, Section 1:– Executive Power in a Prez and
VP for 4 years
• Article 2, Section 2:– Commander-in-Chief– Pardons– Make treaties– Nominate and appoint and fill
vacancies
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Presidential Powers
• Article 2, Section 3:– Information on State of the
Union– Convene Special Congressional
Sessions– Receive Foreign ambassadors
• Article 2, Section 4:– Removed by Impeachment for
treason, bribery, high crimes and misdemeanors
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Presidential Powers
• 20th Amendment:– Changed term to begin January
20
• 22nd Amendment:– 2 terms
• 25th Amendment:– Presidential succession and
disability
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Presidential Expectations
• Chief of State• Chief Executive• Commander-in-Chief• Chief Diplomat• Chief Legislator• Party Chief• Voice of the people• Protector of the Peace• Manager of the Prosperity• World leader
ALL AT THE SAME TIME!!
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Presidential Limitations
• Congress
• Courts
• Bureaucracy
• Federalism
• Capitalism
• Public
• Time
• Outside Forces
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Separation of Powers or Separate Institutions
Sharing Power? (Figure 18.2, Barbour and Wright, Keeping the Republic, Boston:
Houghton Mifflin, © 2001)
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Evolution of the Presidency
• Traditional “Do Nothing” Presidency
• “Modern Presidency”– greater formal and informal
powers for initiative– increased staff and advisory
capacity• Brownlow Commission Report
(1937)• EOP (1939)
– agenda setter– most visible national actor
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Presidential Leadership
• No-Win Presidency?
• Lead by Command or by Persuasion?
• The President’s Helpers
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Policy Triad
• National Security Adviser and NSC (Staff)
• State
• Defense
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Advising the President
The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly
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The Good: Brent Scowcroft (?)
• NSA to Ford and “41”
• General, USAF (ret.)
• PhD Columbia
• (pic courtesy www.scowcroft.com)
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The Bad: John M. Poindexter (!)
• NSA to Reagan ’85-86
• Vice Admiral, USN (ret.)
• convicted in 1990 of conspiracy, obstruction of justice, and destruction of evidence in connection with the Iran-Contra affair
• Overturned on appeal
• (Don Rypka-AFP)
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The Ugly: You pick…
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The “First”
• McGeorge Bundy
• JFK and LBJ, 1961-1966
• Harvard’s Dean of the Faculty at 34
• 1919-1996
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The Current
• Dr. Condoleezza Rice
• Stanford’s Provost
• NSC (Staff) in 41’s administration (Soviet Union)
• 1954, Birmingham, Alabama
• PhD University of Denver, 1974
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It’s MY power!
• National Security Act 1947– NSC– JCS– SecDef (et al.)– CIA
• Increasing reliance on NSC staff
• Centralization of policymaking in the White House
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Advising the President
• Short Run Advantages for the President
• Long Run Disadvantages for the Presidency?
• Principal-Agent Relationships