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Properties of Matter• All forms of matter have properties.• Examples: hardness, texture, odor, color,
flammability, etc.• Two categories:
mixture-two or more substances mixed together but not chemically combinedex: concrete, salt water-solutions – best mixed of all possible mixturesex: sugar water
pure substance-made of only one kind of material and has definite properties
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Properties of Matter• elements – pure substances that cannot
be broken down into other substances by any chemical means
• elements can be chemically combined to form compounds
• ex: hydrogen, oxygen.. Periodic Table• compound – a pure substance formed
from chemical combinations of elements• compounds have different properties from
the elements that formed them• ex: water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2)
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Properties of Matter• characteristic property – a property that
always holds true for a substance• characteristic properties never change,
they can be used to identify unknown matter.
• ex: boiling & melting points• Comparing boiling and melting points can
be used to identify different substances.
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Properties of Matter• physical property
-characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance
• ex: color, size, texture, density, volume & mass
• physical change:-a change in any physical property of a substance, not in the substance itself
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Phase change - Physical• When matter changes from one form to
another, the substance does not change.• Only the arrangement, space and
movement of molecules.• Define the following:
-melting-freezing-boiling-evaporation-sublimation-condensation-deposition
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Phase change - Physical• melting- solid becomes a liquid (particles gain
energy)*melting point- temp at which a solid begins
to melt
• freezing- liquid becomes a solid (particles lose energy)*freezing point- temp at which a liquid
begins to freeze
***melting and freezing point of a substance are the same***
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Phase change - Physical• boiling- liquid becomes a gas (produces
bubbles)*boiling point- temp at which a liquid begins
to turn to gas
• evaporation- liquid becomes a gas (occurs at surface of a liquid)
• sublimation – solid changes directly to a gasex: dry ice (solid CO2) – turns to gas
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Phase change - Physical• condensation- gas changes to a liquid
• deposition- gas changes directly to a solid
• “The Chem Life”
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Properties of Matter• chemical property
-describes how one or more substances can form new substances
• ex: combustibility, rusting and tarnishing
• chemical change:-when one or more substances change into a different substance-combinations of atoms rearrange to make new substances
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• production of an odor- some chemical changes produce new smells
• change in temperature- chemical changes often are accompanied by a change in temperature (increase or decrease)
• change in color- a change in color often indicates a chemical change (color change will not be reversible)
• formation of bubbles- the formation of gas bubbles is an indicator that a chemical change has occurred
• formation of a solid- when two liquids combine, a solid called a precipitate may form, indicating a chemical change
Properties of Matter
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Decide whether each statement describes aphysical or chemical change.
1) A bicycle left out in the rain begins to rust.2) A match burns, leaving only a charred stick of
wood.3) A copper wire is cut into five smaller pieces.4) An ice cube melts.5) A glowing splint placed in a test tube causes
a loud “pop”.6) Food coloring is added to cake icing to make
it pink.
Properties of Matter Pop Quiz
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7) Gasoline burns in a car engine.8) Antifreeze is added to a car radiator to lower
the freezing point.9) A spoonful of sugar is dissolved in cup of
coffee.10)A silver knife and fork tarnish when they are
exposed to air for several weeks.11)Leaves of a maple tree turn bright red as
winter approaches.12)A water molecule gains enough energy to
enter the vapor phase.
Properties of Matter Pop Quiz