Properties of Matter• All forms of matter have properties.• Examples: hardness, texture, odor, color,

flammability, etc.• Two categories:

mixture-two or more substances mixed together but not chemically combinedex: concrete, salt water-solutions – best mixed of all possible mixturesex: sugar water

pure substance-made of only one kind of material and has definite properties

Properties of Matter• elements – pure substances that cannot

be broken down into other substances by any chemical means

• elements can be chemically combined to form compounds

• ex: hydrogen, oxygen.. Periodic Table• compound – a pure substance formed

from chemical combinations of elements• compounds have different properties from

the elements that formed them• ex: water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2)

Properties of Matter• characteristic property – a property that

always holds true for a substance• characteristic properties never change,

they can be used to identify unknown matter.

• ex: boiling & melting points• Comparing boiling and melting points can

be used to identify different substances.

Properties of Matter• physical property

-characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance

• ex: color, size, texture, density, volume & mass

• physical change:-a change in any physical property of a substance, not in the substance itself

Phase change - Physical• When matter changes from one form to

another, the substance does not change.• Only the arrangement, space and

movement of molecules.• Define the following:

-melting-freezing-boiling-evaporation-sublimation-condensation-deposition

Phase change - Physical• melting- solid becomes a liquid (particles gain

energy)*melting point- temp at which a solid begins

to melt

• freezing- liquid becomes a solid (particles lose energy)*freezing point- temp at which a liquid

begins to freeze

***melting and freezing point of a substance are the same***

Phase change - Physical• boiling- liquid becomes a gas (produces

bubbles)*boiling point- temp at which a liquid begins

to turn to gas

• evaporation- liquid becomes a gas (occurs at surface of a liquid)

• sublimation – solid changes directly to a gasex: dry ice (solid CO2) – turns to gas

Phase change - Physical• condensation- gas changes to a liquid

• deposition- gas changes directly to a solid

• “The Chem Life”

Properties of Matter• chemical property

-describes how one or more substances can form new substances

• ex: combustibility, rusting and tarnishing

• chemical change:-when one or more substances change into a different substance-combinations of atoms rearrange to make new substances

• production of an odor- some chemical changes produce new smells

• change in temperature- chemical changes often are accompanied by a change in temperature (increase or decrease)

• change in color- a change in color often indicates a chemical change (color change will not be reversible)

• formation of bubbles- the formation of gas bubbles is an indicator that a chemical change has occurred

• formation of a solid- when two liquids combine, a solid called a precipitate may form, indicating a chemical change

Properties of Matter

Decide whether each statement describes aphysical or chemical change.

1) A bicycle left out in the rain begins to rust.2) A match burns, leaving only a charred stick of

wood.3) A copper wire is cut into five smaller pieces.4) An ice cube melts.5) A glowing splint placed in a test tube causes

a loud “pop”.6) Food coloring is added to cake icing to make

it pink.

Properties of Matter Pop Quiz

7) Gasoline burns in a car engine.8) Antifreeze is added to a car radiator to lower

the freezing point.9) A spoonful of sugar is dissolved in cup of

coffee.10)A silver knife and fork tarnish when they are

exposed to air for several weeks.11)Leaves of a maple tree turn bright red as

winter approaches.12)A water molecule gains enough energy to

enter the vapor phase.

Properties of Matter Pop Quiz