19 June, 2014 INSPIRE Conference 2014, Aalborg, DENMARK
Ministry of Environment and UrbanizationGeneral Directorate of Geographic Information Systems
PROPOSAL OF A GOVERNANCE MODELFOR EFFECTIVELY OPERATING URBAN INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
PROPOSAL OF A GOVERNANCE MODELFOR EFFECTIVELY OPERATING URBAN INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
Erkan KOKSOY, Ayhan KAVSUT, S. Asli BOZKURT, D. Yildirim BAYAR
Agenda
• General Governance & Local Government structure of Turkey
• General Directorate of Geographic Information Systems
• Urban Information Systems and Governance
• Problems of Urban Information Systems and Governance
• Model Proposal
• Conclusion
19 June, 2014 INSPIRE Conference 2014, Aalborg, DENMARK
Turkey19 June, 2014
INSPIRE Conference 2014, Aalborg, DENMARK
Turkey, Central Government: 24 Ministries Local Government:81 ProvincesGovernerships & Provincial Administrations1365 Municipalities,30 Metropolitan Municipalities
Population: 77 323 892Area: 783,562 km²
«Big Data»Geographic & Urban Information
In this «Big Data» conjuncture, General Directorate of GeographicInformation Sytems has been established in 2011.General Directorate of Geographic Information Systems is responsible of;• establishing the National Spatial Data Infrastructure,• coordination and establishing the National Geoportal,• making necessary regulations for establishment and dissemination of
Urban Information Systems in Turkey,among many other responsibilities in subject to GIS and Ministry ofEnvironment and Urbanisation.
19 June, 2014 INSPIRE Conference 2014, Aalborg, DENMARK
• NSDI strategy & road map has been determined, Geoportal applicationhas been developed and NSDI & UIS standards have been determinedin the recent three years.
NSDINSDI
• The general strategy of NSDI aims toprovide the geospatial data infrastructureon a nation wide basis and integrationfacilities of INSPIRE for geographicinformation produced and used by allinstitutions.
19 June, 2014 INSPIRE Conference 2014, Aalborg, DENMARK
• NSDI governance model consists of a Coordination Board, head byMinister of Environment and Urbanisation, including the counsellors ofother ministries,
• This strategy includes the coordination of the geospatial data produced bylocal governments, which would be the biggest data portion of an NSDI.
• In this portion, if only a «building theme» is handled, we would see theimportance of local governments, urban information systems andgovernance.
• The chain also shows the importance of applying INSPIRE, national andlocal standards.
• For sharing out priory geospatial information themed by the urbaninformation systems, with software and hardware formatsindependency, Republic of Turkey ‐ Ministry of Environment andUrbanisation, General Directorate of Geographic InformationSystems has conducted the determination of urban informationsystems data standards in local level.
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• The terms of references of providing geographic and urbaninformation system services for local governments have beendefined within the legislation frame as an official duty, whereasthe concept of urban information systems and service modelshave not been defined in details.
• Governance models shall be configured for the urban information systemsoperated by local governments, in order to provide a state of robustnessof standards in application, which were prepared in the light of INSPIREand ISO standards.
• At the stage of determining urban information system governance model;directly affecting factors like legislative structure, personnel profile, andfinancial structure shall be taken on attention, according to localgovernment size and grade.
19 June, 2014 INSPIRE Conference 2014, Aalborg, DENMARK
MetropolitanMunicipality
30
ProvincialMunicipality
51
DistrictMunicipality
782
Town Municipality
451
ProvincialSpecial
Administration81
Local Government Structure of Turkey:
Elected Leadership Seconded Leadership
Governance for UIS & UIS for Governance
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• Urban Information System is a serving model tool forlocal governments, by benefiting from GIS and MIStechnologies.
• UIS, a product of Information Technologies, serve manypotentialities for urban management, in order toprovide solutions for complex problems.
• UIS automates the daily procedures of a localgovernment but UIS is not only a system limited to theautomation of procedures.
• It consists of tools for building social, economic andmanagement relationships between authorities andcitizens.
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Urban Information System
Urban Information System
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In this point of view, UIS is the libra of supply and demand relationship in a city’s governance.
Services Space
Address services
Points of Interest infoTax payment services
Cadastre & land info
Planning & landuse info
Urban functions info
Urban projects info
Governance
• Governance is the establishment of policies andcontinuous monitoring of their properimplementation by the groups and members ofthe governing body of an organization.
19 June, 2014 INSPIRE Conference 2014, Aalborg, DENMARK
• It includes the mechanisms required to balancethe powers of the groups/members and theirprimary duty of enhancing the prosperity andviability of the organization.
UIS & Governance
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Establishment of Policies
Monitoring of Implementation by
Organisation Members
Monitoring and implementing UIS by relevant local government units
UIS Tools & Applications
Local Government Service Units, Citizens & Stakeholders
+
Practically, we face two sides of the medallion when governance is subjected to Urban Information Systems:1) Providing governance in operating the UIS.2) Providing governance by serving citizens with the UIS.
UIS Policies
{
Good Governance
In various places, good governance is associated with:
• democracy and good civil rights, • transparency, • the rule of law,• efficient public services.
19 June, 2014 INSPIRE Conference 2014, Aalborg, DENMARK
Good Governance
If an Urban Information System is taken as an instrument of city governance;
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efficient public services.
transparency,
the rule of law,
democracy and good citizenshiprights,
good governance
Characters of an ideal UIS:Ministry of Environment and Urbanization
General Directorate of Geographic Information Systems19 June, 2014
INSPIRE Conference 2014, Aalborg, DENMARK
Afordable
Supplying Transparency
Publicparticipation available
User friendly& Acceptable
Interactive
Smart & EfficientServices & Operations
Sustainable
Supplying Corporate & Public Needs
Problems
• Unintegrated existing information
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• Absence of laws and regulations defining UIS responsibilities and specifications for local governments.
• Uninterested executives
• The interest and investment on a UIS is limited to the administrators’ point of view.
• Local governments UIS attempts differ from other local governments in every steps.
• Absence of a standard structure of management.
An organisational problem:
To be or not to beinside an IT Department?
19 June, 2014 INSPIRE Conference 2014, Aalborg, DENMARK
UIS service unit established under an IT DepartmentHead may or may not get interest by this organisationmodel.
This situation is related to the scale of local government.If this organisation model is applied to a metropolitanmunicipality, then UIS unit stays at background.
However, it can be much more useful at a medium scaledmunicipality, since UIS unit would benefit from the ITDepartment facilities such as more budget, hardware,software and personnel assets, as well as themanagement.
Problems• In general, all local governments establish different types of management
structures in order to operate urban information systems, varying according to the conjuncture.
• In this concept, we determined goals and strategical targets in or to form a standardized governance structure for the UIS units in local governments.
19 June, 2014 INSPIRE Conference 2014, Aalborg, DENMARK
IT Department StrategyDepartment
Technical Works Directorate
Planning Department
Financial AffairsDepartment
GIS Department
GIS Directorate
UIS UnitUIS Unit
Local Gov.A
UIS UnitUIS Unit UIS Unit
Local Gov.B
Local Gov.C
Local Gov.D
Local Gov.E
Local Gov.F
Local Gov.G
Model Proposal
19 June, 2014 INSPIRE Conference 2014, Aalborg, DENMARK
Model Proposal• Within the concept of Determination of Urban Information
Systems Standards Project’s activities, a proposal ofgovernance model has been developed. By this model,local governments have been grouped, the establishmentof provincial and municipal advisory committees andforming application units are offered.
• This structure forms the first step, as today we offer twoother evolutionary steps, in connection to each other.These steps include structural and technical regulations,associated with efficient management of urbaninformation system within the organisational bodies oflocal governments.
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Key terms for the model19 June, 2014
INSPIRE Conference 2014, Aalborg, DENMARK
Patience
Synergy
determining needs
ProactiveGovernance vs. Leadership
Interoperability of unitsusing directmethods
GeoSpatial
INSPIRE
NSDI
19 June, 2014 INSPIRE Conference 2014, Aalborg, DENMARK
Metropolitan MunicipalitiesUIS Organisation
Step 1: Establishment of UIS Units inside Local Governments
MunicipalitiesUIS Organisation
Other Dep
artm
ent H
eads
DM
Establishment ofUIS Department Head
Mayor
Establishment ofRelevant Sections
Deputy Mayor (Technical)
1) UIS Section2) GIS Section3) MIS Section4) IT Section5) Technological
Investments, R&D Section…
Advisory Boa
rdIT
P
A
S
Establishment ofUIS Section
Mayor
Deputy Mayor
Advisory Board
Other Sectio
ns
DM
IT
P
Providing governance support for UIS in local level
19 June, 2014 INSPIRE Conference 2014, Aalborg, DENMARK
Goal 1
The UIS unit shall be engaged directly to the highest executive in the organisation.
Thus, the information pyramid of governance structure would be oriented down to all operators, developers and users from the policy makers and executives.
Obtaining internal support and adoption within the organisation
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Other Department Heads & Sections
DM 2
IT
P
X
Y
DM 3
IT
P
Z
Q
Goal 2
By this goal, deploying and implementing an UIS will be much easier, when UIS is converged by the administrators who are technically point away from the subject. Also this goal provides an internal coordination facility for the inexperienced administrators in UIS.
Making policies for sharing data
19 June, 2014 INSPIRE Conference 2014, Aalborg, DENMARK
Data Sharing:
Other Dep
artm
ent
Heads & Sectio
ns
DM 2
IT
P
X
Y
Data Sharing:External Bodies
Goal 3
Data sharing problems do not only occur between different organisations. It is also an internal problem at the local governments administrative units. It is very important to make organisational policies for sharing data in order to provide effective operations.
Human Resources
19 June, 2014 INSPIRE Conference 2014, Aalborg, DENMARK
Goal 4
Governance of an UIS unit can not be thought without human resources.In order to form a good governance for UIS, it is very important to focus on the human resource of the UIS unit within the local government, since personnel is one of the five components of a UIS/GIS project.
Need of legitimate regulations
Definitions of laws shall be provided for employing personnel withinthe UIS unit. Thus, problems cause by budget reserving, applyingoccupational definitions and waging policies would be avoided.
The main strategy of this goal is making legitimate regulations forbudget reserving and determining the qualifications of humanresources for UIS unit within local governments.
19 June, 2014 INSPIRE Conference 2014, Aalborg, DENMARK
Goal 5
19 June, 2014 INSPIRE Conference 2014, Aalborg, DENMARK
Step 2: Technical Support Provided by Central Government
GeoSpatialCloud
Central GovernmentLocal Government 1
LG 3
IT
P
X
Y
LG n
IT
P
X
Y
LG 2
IT
P
X
Y
IaaSPaaS
SaaS
Provide Technical SupportDecrease the costs of
Software, Hardware, Personel & Operational Costs
Standardize Data Provide data sharing Platform
Minimize the size of the Unit
Maximize the effectiveness of the Unit & Operations
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Geospatial Cloud & 100 Municipalities’ Game Tree:
Establishing Cloud: No Cloud10 Million
Euro
10 Million Euro is demanded from 100
Municipalities
No demand ordemand a low
amount of operationcost
RISK of not takingthe municipalitiesattention in joining
the Cloud
100 Municipalitywould join the cloud
100 %
100 Municipalitywould spend 15
Million Euro on UIS
None of the 100 MunicipalityEstablishes UIS
Risk of spending a 5 Million Euro more from overall public budgetRisk of not disseminating UIS on 100 Municipalities!
19 June, 2014 INSPIRE Conference 2014, Aalborg, DENMARK
Geospatial Cloud & 1000 Municipalities’ Game Tree
Establishing Cloud: No Cloud15 Million
Euro
GC costs 15 Million Euro for 1000 Municipalities
No demand or demand a low
amount of operation cost
15 Million Euro cost for 1000 municipality
will remain at a marginal cost rate
1000 Municipality would join the cloud
100 %
1000 Municipality would spend 150 Million Euro on UIS
None of the 1000 Municipality Establishes UIS
Risk of spending a 135 Million Euro more from overall public budgetRisk of not disseminating UIS on 1000 Municipalities
Most feasible winning game result is;establishing a geospatial cloud for 1000 Municipalities by Central Government.
!
19 June, 2014 INSPIRE Conference 2014, Aalborg, DENMARK
GeoSpatialCloud
Local Government
LG 2
IT
P
X
Y
IaaSPaaS
SaaSStep 3: Establishing Participatory UIS Structure
X
LG 3
IT
P Y
LG n
IT
P
X
Y
C C C CC CCC C
C C C CC CC C
Increase awareness of urban services
Make citizens live the urban services frequently
Increase adoption of UIS
Enhance governance
Gain a social space for UIS
Obtain citizens' participation and let citizens share data
Make the UIS, user's own and personalize
C C CC CC C
participation+
19 June, 2014 INSPIRE Conference 2014, Aalborg, DENMARK
Evaluation of Model Stages
Providing Characteristics of Ideal UIS UIS Unit Establishment
Cloud Computing
Participatory UIS
Efficiency of Operations Efficiency of Services
Supplying TransparencySupplying Corporate & Public Needs
Making Legitimate RegulationsDecreasing the Costs
AdoptionCitizen participation
InteractiveSustainability
Coordination
1/1000 True Orthophoto
Central Government;
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General Directorate of GISLocalGovernments
UIS Standards Database Model Online GIS EducationVocational Standards
Geospatial Cloud Computing PoC
Conclusion
?
• Urban Information System is one of the most important instrumentsof a Local Government.
• Local governments shall establish UIS units and develop UISapplications in order to process data through daily routineprocedures, supported by governance. Joining in NSDI by relateddata themes is also another responsibility of local governments, aswell as sharing related data mutually.
• Providing Governance is the key operational instrument for a localgovernment’s UIS management, for an effectively operating UIS unit.
• Cloud Computing is the key technology for dissemination of UIS andlocal governments service supply
• So as the citizens deserve effective services supplied by an UIS,effectively operated with good governance, as well as participatingin the UIS, as a part of governance.
Conclusion
19 June, 2014 INSPIRE Conference 2014, Aalborg, DENMARK
19 June, 2014 INSPIRE Conference 2014, Aalborg, DENMARK
Thank youThank you
D. Yildirim [email protected]
Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, General Directorate of Geographic Information Systems, Application and Development Department
Address: Sogutozu, 1579.Sok. No:5 Cankaya, Ankara, TURKEYTel: +90 312 2857173 / 2113
www.csb.gov.tr