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19 June, 2014 INSPIRE Conference 2014, Aalborg, DENMARK

Ministry of Environment and UrbanizationGeneral Directorate of Geographic Information Systems

PROPOSAL OF A GOVERNANCE MODELFOR EFFECTIVELY OPERATING URBAN INFORMATION

SYSTEMS

PROPOSAL OF A GOVERNANCE MODELFOR EFFECTIVELY OPERATING URBAN INFORMATION

SYSTEMS

Erkan KOKSOY, Ayhan KAVSUT, S. Asli BOZKURT, D. Yildirim BAYAR

Agenda

• General Governance & Local Government structure of Turkey

• General Directorate of Geographic Information Systems

• Urban Information Systems and Governance

• Problems of Urban Information Systems and Governance

• Model Proposal

• Conclusion


Turkey19 June, 2014

INSPIRE Conference 2014, Aalborg, DENMARK

Turkey, Central Government: 24 Ministries Local Government:81 ProvincesGovernerships & Provincial Administrations1365 Municipalities,30 Metropolitan Municipalities

Population: 77 323 892Area: 783,562 km²

«Big Data»Geographic & Urban Information

In this «Big Data» conjuncture, General Directorate of GeographicInformation Sytems has been established in 2011.General Directorate of Geographic Information Systems is responsible of;• establishing the National Spatial Data Infrastructure,• coordination and establishing the National Geoportal,• making necessary regulations for establishment and dissemination of

Urban Information Systems in Turkey,among many other responsibilities in subject to GIS and Ministry ofEnvironment and Urbanisation.


• NSDI strategy & road map has been determined, Geoportal applicationhas been developed and NSDI & UIS standards have been determinedin the recent three years.

NSDINSDI

• The general strategy of NSDI aims toprovide the geospatial data infrastructureon a nation wide basis and integrationfacilities of INSPIRE for geographicinformation produced and used by allinstitutions.


• NSDI governance model consists of a Coordination Board, head byMinister of Environment and Urbanisation, including the counsellors ofother ministries,

• This strategy includes the coordination of the geospatial data produced bylocal governments, which would be the biggest data portion of an NSDI.

• In this portion, if only a «building theme» is handled, we would see theimportance of local governments, urban information systems andgovernance.

• The chain also shows the importance of applying INSPIRE, national andlocal standards.

• For sharing out priory geospatial information themed by the urbaninformation systems, with software and hardware formatsindependency, Republic of Turkey ‐ Ministry of Environment andUrbanisation, General Directorate of Geographic InformationSystems has conducted the determination of urban informationsystems data standards in local level.


• The terms of references of providing geographic and urbaninformation system services for local governments have beendefined within the legislation frame as an official duty, whereasthe concept of urban information systems and service modelshave not been defined in details.

• Governance models shall be configured for the urban information systemsoperated by local governments, in order to provide a state of robustnessof standards in application, which were prepared in the light of INSPIREand ISO standards.

• At the stage of determining urban information system governance model;directly affecting factors like legislative structure, personnel profile, andfinancial structure shall be taken on attention, according to localgovernment size and grade.


MetropolitanMunicipality

30

ProvincialMunicipality

51

DistrictMunicipality

782

Town Municipality

451

ProvincialSpecial

Administration81

Local Government Structure of Turkey:

Elected Leadership Seconded Leadership

Governance for UIS & UIS for Governance


• Urban Information System is a serving model tool forlocal governments, by benefiting from GIS and MIStechnologies.

• UIS, a product of Information Technologies, serve manypotentialities for urban management, in order toprovide solutions for complex problems.

• UIS automates the daily procedures of a localgovernment but UIS is not only a system limited to theautomation of procedures.

• It consists of tools for building social, economic andmanagement relationships between authorities andcitizens.


Urban Information System

Urban Information System


In this point of view, UIS is the libra of supply and demand relationship in a city’s governance.

Services Space

Address services

Points of Interest infoTax payment services

Cadastre & land info

Planning & landuse info

Urban functions info

Urban projects info

Governance

• Governance is the establishment of policies andcontinuous monitoring of their properimplementation by the groups and members ofthe governing body of an organization.


• It includes the mechanisms required to balancethe powers of the groups/members and theirprimary duty of enhancing the prosperity andviability of the organization.

UIS & Governance


Establishment of Policies

Monitoring of Implementation by

Organisation Members

Monitoring and implementing UIS by relevant local government units

UIS Tools & Applications

Local Government Service Units, Citizens & Stakeholders

+

Practically, we face two sides of the medallion when governance is subjected to Urban Information Systems:1) Providing governance in operating the UIS.2) Providing governance by serving citizens with the UIS.

UIS Policies

{

Good Governance

In various places, good governance is associated with:

• democracy and good civil rights, • transparency, • the rule of law,• efficient public services.


Good Governance

If an Urban Information System is taken as an instrument of city governance;


efficient public services.

transparency,

the rule of law,

democracy and good citizenshiprights,

good governance

Characters of an ideal UIS:Ministry of Environment and Urbanization

General Directorate of Geographic Information Systems19 June, 2014


Afordable

Supplying Transparency

Publicparticipation available

User friendly& Acceptable

Interactive

Smart & EfficientServices & Operations

Sustainable

Supplying Corporate & Public Needs

Problems

• Unintegrated existing information


• Absence of laws and regulations defining UIS responsibilities and specifications for local governments.

• Uninterested executives

• The interest and investment on a UIS is limited to the administrators’ point of view.

• Local governments UIS attempts differ from other local governments in every steps.

• Absence of a standard structure of management.

An organisational problem:

To be or not to beinside an IT Department?


UIS service unit established under an IT DepartmentHead may or may not get interest by this organisationmodel.

This situation is related to the scale of local government.If this organisation model is applied to a metropolitanmunicipality, then UIS unit stays at background.

However, it can be much more useful at a medium scaledmunicipality, since UIS unit would benefit from the ITDepartment facilities such as more budget, hardware,software and personnel assets, as well as themanagement.

Problems• In general, all local governments establish different types of management

structures in order to operate urban information systems, varying according to the conjuncture.

• In this concept, we determined goals and strategical targets in or to form a standardized governance structure for the UIS units in local governments.


IT Department StrategyDepartment

Technical Works Directorate

Planning Department

Financial AffairsDepartment

GIS Department

GIS Directorate

UIS UnitUIS Unit

Local Gov.A

UIS UnitUIS Unit UIS Unit

Local Gov.B

Local Gov.C

Local Gov.D

Local Gov.E

Local Gov.F

Local Gov.G

Model Proposal


Model Proposal• Within the concept of Determination of Urban Information

Systems Standards Project’s activities, a proposal ofgovernance model has been developed. By this model,local governments have been grouped, the establishmentof provincial and municipal advisory committees andforming application units are offered.

• This structure forms the first step, as today we offer twoother evolutionary steps, in connection to each other.These steps include structural and technical regulations,associated with efficient management of urbaninformation system within the organisational bodies oflocal governments.


Key terms for the model19 June, 2014


Patience

Synergy

determining needs

ProactiveGovernance vs. Leadership

Interoperability of unitsusing directmethods

GeoSpatial

INSPIRE

NSDI


Metropolitan MunicipalitiesUIS Organisation

Step 1: Establishment of UIS Units inside Local Governments

MunicipalitiesUIS Organisation

Other Dep

artm

ent H

eads

DM

Establishment ofUIS Department Head

Mayor

Establishment ofRelevant Sections

Deputy Mayor (Technical)

1) UIS Section2) GIS Section3) MIS Section4) IT Section5) Technological

Investments, R&D Section…

Advisory Boa

rdIT

P

A

S

Establishment ofUIS Section

Mayor

Deputy Mayor

Advisory Board

Other Sectio

ns

DM

IT

P

Providing governance support for UIS in local level


Goal 1

The UIS unit shall be engaged directly to the highest executive in the organisation.

Thus, the information pyramid of governance structure would be oriented down to all operators, developers and users from the policy makers and executives.

Obtaining internal support and adoption within the organisation


Other Department Heads & Sections

DM 2

IT

P

X

Y

DM 3

IT

P

Z

Q

Goal 2

By this goal, deploying and implementing an UIS will be much easier, when UIS is converged by the administrators who are technically point away from the subject. Also this goal provides an internal coordination facility for the inexperienced administrators in UIS.

Making policies for sharing data


Data Sharing:

Other Dep

artm

ent

Heads & Sectio

ns

DM 2

IT

P

X

Y

Data Sharing:External Bodies

Goal 3

Data sharing problems do not only occur between different organisations. It is also an internal problem at the local governments administrative units. It is very important to make organisational policies for sharing data in order to provide effective operations.

Human Resources


Goal 4

Governance of an UIS unit can not be thought without human resources.In order to form a good governance for UIS, it is very important to focus on the human resource of the UIS unit within the local government, since personnel is one of the five components of a UIS/GIS project.

Need of legitimate regulations

Definitions of laws shall be provided for employing personnel withinthe UIS unit. Thus, problems cause by budget reserving, applyingoccupational definitions and waging policies would be avoided.

The main strategy of this goal is making legitimate regulations forbudget reserving and determining the qualifications of humanresources for UIS unit within local governments.


Goal 5


Step 2: Technical Support Provided by Central Government

GeoSpatialCloud

Central GovernmentLocal Government 1

LG 3

IT

P

X

Y

LG n

IT

P

X

Y

LG 2

IT

P

X

Y

IaaSPaaS

SaaS

Provide Technical SupportDecrease the costs of

Software, Hardware, Personel & Operational Costs

Standardize Data Provide data sharing Platform

Minimize the size of the Unit

Maximize the effectiveness of the Unit & Operations


Geospatial Cloud & 100 Municipalities’ Game Tree:

Establishing Cloud: No Cloud10 Million

Euro

10 Million Euro is demanded from 100

Municipalities

No demand ordemand a low

amount of operationcost

RISK of not takingthe municipalitiesattention in joining

the Cloud

100 Municipalitywould join the cloud

100 %

100 Municipalitywould spend 15

Million Euro on UIS

None of the 100 MunicipalityEstablishes UIS

Risk of spending a 5 Million Euro more from overall public budgetRisk of not disseminating UIS on 100 Municipalities!


Geospatial Cloud & 1000 Municipalities’ Game Tree

Establishing Cloud: No Cloud15 Million

Euro

GC costs 15 Million Euro for 1000 Municipalities

No demand or demand a low

amount of operation cost

15 Million Euro cost for 1000 municipality

will remain at a marginal cost rate

1000 Municipality would join the cloud

100 %

1000 Municipality would spend 150 Million Euro on UIS

None of the 1000 Municipality Establishes UIS

Risk of spending a 135 Million Euro more from overall public budgetRisk of not disseminating UIS on 1000 Municipalities

Most feasible winning game result is;establishing a geospatial cloud for 1000 Municipalities by Central Government.

!


GeoSpatialCloud

Local Government

LG 2

IT

P

X

Y

IaaSPaaS

SaaSStep 3: Establishing Participatory UIS Structure

X

LG 3

IT

P Y

LG n

IT

P

X

Y

C C C CC CCC C

C C C CC CC C

Increase awareness of urban services

Make citizens live the urban services frequently

Increase adoption of UIS

Enhance governance

Gain a social space for UIS

Obtain citizens' participation and let citizens share data

Make the UIS, user's own and personalize

C C CC CC C

participation+


Evaluation of Model Stages

Providing Characteristics of Ideal UIS UIS Unit Establishment

Cloud Computing

Participatory UIS

Efficiency of Operations Efficiency of Services

Supplying TransparencySupplying Corporate & Public Needs

Making Legitimate RegulationsDecreasing the Costs

AdoptionCitizen participation

InteractiveSustainability

Coordination

1/1000 True Orthophoto

Central Government;


General Directorate of GISLocalGovernments

UIS Standards Database Model Online GIS EducationVocational Standards

Geospatial Cloud Computing PoC

Conclusion

?

• Urban Information System is one of the most important instrumentsof a Local Government.

• Local governments shall establish UIS units and develop UISapplications in order to process data through daily routineprocedures, supported by governance. Joining in NSDI by relateddata themes is also another responsibility of local governments, aswell as sharing related data mutually.

• Providing Governance is the key operational instrument for a localgovernment’s UIS management, for an effectively operating UIS unit.

• Cloud Computing is the key technology for dissemination of UIS andlocal governments service supply

• So as the citizens deserve effective services supplied by an UIS,effectively operated with good governance, as well as participatingin the UIS, as a part of governance.

Conclusion



Thank youThank you

D. Yildirim [email protected]

Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, General Directorate of Geographic Information Systems, Application and Development Department

Address: Sogutozu, 1579.Sok. No:5 Cankaya, Ankara, TURKEYTel: +90 312 2857173 / 2113

www.csb.gov.tr

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