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Approaching Reconstruction and
Rehabilitation
Efcientandeffectivereconstructionandrehabilitationofeducationand
healthfacilitiescanbeachievedthroughcoordinatedstrategythatcombinesthefollowingelements:clearpolicyand
planningparameters;implementationarrangementsthatbuildlocalownership
andcapacities;quickandsafetechnologyandprocurementoptions;adaptationto
localcapacities,materials,andknowledge;andoperationsandsystemsthatprovidesustainedqualityservices.
Thereconstructionphasetypicallyinvolvesatrajectoryofreturning
tonormality.Thisincludestheimplementationofhousing,education,or
medicalhospitalprojects,reestablishmentofbasicpublicservices,andreplacement/rebuildingofthehumanresourcebase.The
healthandeducationsectorsfailtoseetherelief,earlyrecovery,andreconstruction
phasesasacontinuumwhichintroduces
planningdisconnectsandsysteminefciencies.Reconstructingthesesocialinfrastructurerequirecriticalapproachestoplanning,implementation,andsustainable
servicedelivery.
Planning the Return to Normalcy
Post-disasterneedsassessments
havebeengenerallyeffectiveininformingoverarchingpolicyandsectorstrategiesinhealthandeducation,butmuchless
effectiveindetailedsectorplanningforreconstruction,unlesstheyaresupported
bycontinuingassessments.Reconstructionpolicyisneededtoensurestandardsfor
safety(tobuildbackbetter),rightsizing(buildingtorelevantstandards),rightsiting(relocation,landuse,andmaster
planning),rationalization(prioritizing),roles(keyagencyresponsible),sustainability
(resourcesforongoingoperation),andequity.Comprehensivestrategydenes
thescopeofactivities;prioritizationcriteriaforsubprojects;approvalandoversightmechanisms;technologicaloptionsfor
reconstruction;theprocurementapproachandroleofagenciesandlocalcommunities
inplanningandoversight;additionalstafngrequirements;riskmitigation
relatedtodisaster,environmentalandsocialsafeguardsandgoodgovernance;andmonitoringandevaluation.
Implementation Arrangements
and Delivery of Infrastructure
Enhancedduciarysafeguardsandriskmitigationmeasures,includinginternalcontrolsandexternalaudits,third-partymonitoring,andindependentoversightand
disclosure,arekeyaccountabilitymeasuresforsuccessfulpost-disasterreconstruction.
Institutionalizingfast-trackingofemergencyproceduresandsystemsis
necessaryforexpediency. Capacitatingtheorganizationalsetuprequiresimprovedhumanresource
Whendisasterstrikes,researchshowsthatquickrevivalofsafesocialinfrastructuresuchasschoolsandhospitalscanfast-trackthereturntonormalcy,facilitaterestoration
ofeconomicandlivelihoodactivities,andincreaseresiliencetocopewithfuturedisasters.
ProvidingSustainableHealthandEducationServices
inDisasterRecoveryPrograms
July 2011
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7/31/2019 Providing Sustainable Healthand Education Services in Disaster Recovery Programs
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Disclaimer
Theviewsexpressedinthearticlearethoseoftheauthor/sanddonotnecessarilyreecttheviewsorpoliciesoftheAsianDevelopmentBank,oritsBoard
ofGovernors,orthegovernmentstheyrepresent.ADBdoesnotguaranteetheaccuracyofthedataincludedinthisarticleandacceptsnoresponsibilityforanyconsequenceoftheiruse.ThecountrieslistedinthearticledonotimplyanyviewonADBspartastosovereigntyorindependentstatusornecessarilyconformtoADBsterminology.
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contact
KnowledgeSharingandServicesCenterAsianDevelopmentBank6ADBAvenue,MandaluyongCity1550MetroManila,PhilippinesTel [email protected]/site/knowledge-management/features
requirements,targetedcapacitybuilding,
staffandinstitutionalincentives,andoutsourcingtoprivatesectorandNGOs.
Smarterdesignininfrastructure,usingtheHyogoFrameworkforActionasguide,introducestheconceptofsafeschools
andhospitalstoaddressdisasterriskin
thedesignoffacilities.Adoptionoftheseguidelinesmustbesupportedbycapacitydevelopmentandenhancedstandardsfor
reconstructiontoensurethatcommunityservicesremainaccessibleandfunctionalwhendisasterstrikes.
Procurementofcialsinbothgovernmentandnon-governmentagencies
areexpectedtoexercisehighlevelsofcompetence,discretion,andintegrity
compensatedbytighterex-postinspectionandauditing.
Towards Sustainable Service DeliveryImproved sustainability and service
delivery of the reconstructed facilities:Localstakeholdersmustbeactively
involvedin,andevenundertake,theactivitiesinallstagesofthereconstructioncycle.
Locally adapted designs empower
communities and local institutions:
Existingconventionalorlocalconstructiontechniquesallowuseofreadilyavailable
expertiseandmaterialsanddeliverythroughlocalinstitutions,contractors,orcommunitiesthemselves.
Integrating reconstruction with
development planning for sustainable
services:Reconstructionplansshouldbecoordinatedandintegratedwith
developmentplanstostrengthensupportforendemicreformsandembedinitiatives
toaddresssustainabilitychallenges.
Getting the Right Tools
and Stakeholders Involved
ADBandotherdevelopmentorganizationshavedevelopedanimprovedsetoftoolstoguideandsupportpost-
disasterreconstruction.Trackrecordson
usinglocalresources,technologytransfer,localcapacitiesandpreparedness,andcommunityandstakeholderinvolvement
areimprovingsteadilyamongdevelopmentorganizations.
Way Forward
Thevalueofownershipandsustained
capacitytobuildbackbettercannotbeunderstated.Betteruseshouldbe
madeoflocalresources,includingtechnologytransfer,mechanismsoflocalparticipationandcapacitybuildingin
planning,reconstruction,operations,andpreparedness.Sustainabilitycanalsobe
ensuredbysettingtransparentpolicyparametersandreconstructionstandards
attheoutset.Expectationsforsustainabilitymustbenegotiatedandaddressedinpolicyandsectorstrategies,andreinforced
throughcapacitydevelopment.
Mian Shaukat Shaf and Ian ODonnell
Readtheoriginalthinkpieceat www.adb.org/features/ahead-curve-providing-sustainable-health-and-education-services-disaster-recovery-programs.
Rebuilding Traditional Houses After
Disasters
Communitycontractingletsresidents
rebuildearthquakeresistant
homesthatpreservearchitecturalcustoms.Available:www.adb.org/
publications/rebuilding-traditional-houses-after-disasters.
Rising from the Rubble:
Reconstruction and Rehabilitation
after the 2001 Gujarat Earthquake
Ittook3yearsbutGujarat,India
hassuccessfullyrecoveredfromitsworstearthquakeinthelasthalf
century.Available:www.adb.org/publications/reconstruction-and-
rehabilitation-after-2001-gujarat-
earthquake.
Responding to Disasters: Emergency
Flood Damage Rehabilitation in
Bangladesh
Theoodsofmid-2004wereamong
theworstinBangladesh.Whathelpedfast-trackthecountrys
recovery?Available:www.adb.org/publications/emergency-ood-
damage-rehabilitation-bangladesh.
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