7/31/2019 Providing Sustainable Healthand Education Services in Disaster Recovery Programs

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Approaching Reconstruction and

Rehabilitation

Efcientandeffectivereconstructionandrehabilitationofeducationand

healthfacilitiescanbeachievedthroughcoordinatedstrategythatcombinesthefollowingelements:clearpolicyand

planningparameters;implementationarrangementsthatbuildlocalownership

andcapacities;quickandsafetechnologyandprocurementoptions;adaptationto

localcapacities,materials,andknowledge;andoperationsandsystemsthatprovidesustainedqualityservices.

Thereconstructionphasetypicallyinvolvesatrajectoryofreturning

tonormality.Thisincludestheimplementationofhousing,education,or

medicalhospitalprojects,reestablishmentofbasicpublicservices,andreplacement/rebuildingofthehumanresourcebase.The

healthandeducationsectorsfailtoseetherelief,earlyrecovery,andreconstruction

phasesasacontinuumwhichintroduces

planningdisconnectsandsysteminefciencies.Reconstructingthesesocialinfrastructurerequirecriticalapproachestoplanning,implementation,andsustainable

servicedelivery.

Planning the Return to Normalcy

Post-disasterneedsassessments

havebeengenerallyeffectiveininformingoverarchingpolicyandsectorstrategiesinhealthandeducation,butmuchless

effectiveindetailedsectorplanningforreconstruction,unlesstheyaresupported

bycontinuingassessments.Reconstructionpolicyisneededtoensurestandardsfor

safety(tobuildbackbetter),rightsizing(buildingtorelevantstandards),rightsiting(relocation,landuse,andmaster

planning),rationalization(prioritizing),roles(keyagencyresponsible),sustainability

(resourcesforongoingoperation),andequity.Comprehensivestrategydenes

thescopeofactivities;prioritizationcriteriaforsubprojects;approvalandoversightmechanisms;technologicaloptionsfor

reconstruction;theprocurementapproachandroleofagenciesandlocalcommunities

inplanningandoversight;additionalstafngrequirements;riskmitigation

relatedtodisaster,environmentalandsocialsafeguardsandgoodgovernance;andmonitoringandevaluation.

Implementation Arrangements

and Delivery of Infrastructure

Enhancedduciarysafeguardsandriskmitigationmeasures,includinginternalcontrolsandexternalaudits,third-partymonitoring,andindependentoversightand

disclosure,arekeyaccountabilitymeasuresforsuccessfulpost-disasterreconstruction.

Institutionalizingfast-trackingofemergencyproceduresandsystemsis

necessaryforexpediency. Capacitatingtheorganizationalsetuprequiresimprovedhumanresource

Whendisasterstrikes,researchshowsthatquickrevivalofsafesocialinfrastructuresuchasschoolsandhospitalscanfast-trackthereturntonormalcy,facilitaterestoration

ofeconomicandlivelihoodactivities,andincreaseresiliencetocopewithfuturedisasters.

ProvidingSustainableHealthandEducationServices

inDisasterRecoveryPrograms

July 2011

7/31/2019 Providing Sustainable Healthand Education Services in Disaster Recovery Programs

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Disclaimer

Theviewsexpressedinthearticlearethoseoftheauthor/sanddonotnecessarilyreecttheviewsorpoliciesoftheAsianDevelopmentBank,oritsBoard

ofGovernors,orthegovernmentstheyrepresent.ADBdoesnotguaranteetheaccuracyofthedataincludedinthisarticleandacceptsnoresponsibilityforanyconsequenceoftheiruse.ThecountrieslistedinthearticledonotimplyanyviewonADBspartastosovereigntyorindependentstatusornecessarilyconformtoADBsterminology.

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contact

KnowledgeSharingandServicesCenterAsianDevelopmentBank6ADBAvenue,MandaluyongCity1550MetroManila,PhilippinesTel +6326326710Fax+6326325236knowledge@adb.orgwww.adb.org/site/knowledge-management/features

requirements,targetedcapacitybuilding,

staffandinstitutionalincentives,andoutsourcingtoprivatesectorandNGOs.

Smarterdesignininfrastructure,usingtheHyogoFrameworkforActionasguide,introducestheconceptofsafeschools

andhospitalstoaddressdisasterriskin

thedesignoffacilities.Adoptionoftheseguidelinesmustbesupportedbycapacitydevelopmentandenhancedstandardsfor

reconstructiontoensurethatcommunityservicesremainaccessibleandfunctionalwhendisasterstrikes.

Procurementofcialsinbothgovernmentandnon-governmentagencies

areexpectedtoexercisehighlevelsofcompetence,discretion,andintegrity

compensatedbytighterex-postinspectionandauditing.

Towards Sustainable Service DeliveryImproved sustainability and service

delivery of the reconstructed facilities:Localstakeholdersmustbeactively

involvedin,andevenundertake,theactivitiesinallstagesofthereconstructioncycle.

Locally adapted designs empower

communities and local institutions:

Existingconventionalorlocalconstructiontechniquesallowuseofreadilyavailable

expertiseandmaterialsanddeliverythroughlocalinstitutions,contractors,orcommunitiesthemselves.

Integrating reconstruction with

development planning for sustainable

services:Reconstructionplansshouldbecoordinatedandintegratedwith

developmentplanstostrengthensupportforendemicreformsandembedinitiatives

toaddresssustainabilitychallenges.

Getting the Right Tools

and Stakeholders Involved

ADBandotherdevelopmentorganizationshavedevelopedanimprovedsetoftoolstoguideandsupportpost-

disasterreconstruction.Trackrecordson

usinglocalresources,technologytransfer,localcapacitiesandpreparedness,andcommunityandstakeholderinvolvement

areimprovingsteadilyamongdevelopmentorganizations.

Way Forward

Thevalueofownershipandsustained

capacitytobuildbackbettercannotbeunderstated.Betteruseshouldbe

madeoflocalresources,includingtechnologytransfer,mechanismsoflocalparticipationandcapacitybuildingin

planning,reconstruction,operations,andpreparedness.Sustainabilitycanalsobe

ensuredbysettingtransparentpolicyparametersandreconstructionstandards

attheoutset.Expectationsforsustainabilitymustbenegotiatedandaddressedinpolicyandsectorstrategies,andreinforced

throughcapacitydevelopment.

Mian Shaukat Shaf and Ian ODonnell

Readtheoriginalthinkpieceat www.adb.org/features/ahead-curve-providing-sustainable-health-and-education-services-disaster-recovery-programs.

Rebuilding Traditional Houses After

Disasters

Communitycontractingletsresidents

rebuildearthquakeresistant

homesthatpreservearchitecturalcustoms.Available:www.adb.org/

publications/rebuilding-traditional-houses-after-disasters.

Rising from the Rubble:

Reconstruction and Rehabilitation

after the 2001 Gujarat Earthquake

Ittook3yearsbutGujarat,India

hassuccessfullyrecoveredfromitsworstearthquakeinthelasthalf

century.Available:www.adb.org/publications/reconstruction-and-

rehabilitation-after-2001-gujarat-

earthquake.

Responding to Disasters: Emergency

Flood Damage Rehabilitation in

Bangladesh

Theoodsofmid-2004wereamong

theworstinBangladesh.Whathelpedfast-trackthecountrys

recovery?Available:www.adb.org/publications/emergency-ood-

damage-rehabilitation-bangladesh.

mailto:knowledge%40adb.org?subject=Ahead%20of%20the%20Curvehttp://www.adb.org/site/knowledge-management/featureshttp://www.adb.org/features/ahead-curve-providing-sustainable-health-and-education-services-disaster-recovery-programshttp://www.adb.org/features/ahead-curve-providing-sustainable-health-and-education-services-disaster-recovery-programshttp://www.adb.org/features/ahead-curve-providing-sustainable-health-and-education-services-disaster-recovery-programshttp://www.adb.org/publications/rebuilding-traditional-houses-after-disastershttp://www.adb.org/publications/rebuilding-traditional-houses-after-disastershttp://www.adb.org/publications/rebuilding-traditional-houses-after-disastershttp://www.adb.org/publications/reconstruction-and-rehabilitation-after-2001-gujarat-earthquakehttp://www.adb.org/publications/reconstruction-and-rehabilitation-after-2001-gujarat-earthquakehttp://www.adb.org/publications/reconstruction-and-rehabilitation-after-2001-gujarat-earthquakehttp://www.adb.org/publications/reconstruction-and-rehabilitation-after-2001-gujarat-earthquakehttp://www.adb.org/publications/emergency-flood-damage-rehabilitation-bangladeshhttp://www.adb.org/publications/emergency-flood-damage-rehabilitation-bangladeshhttp://www.adb.org/publications/emergency-flood-damage-rehabilitation-bangladeshhttp://www.adb.org/publications/emergency-flood-damage-rehabilitation-bangladeshhttp://www.adb.org/publications/emergency-flood-damage-rehabilitation-bangladeshhttp://www.adb.org/publications/emergency-flood-damage-rehabilitation-bangladeshhttp://www.adb.org/publications/reconstruction-and-rehabilitation-after-2001-gujarat-earthquakehttp://www.adb.org/publications/reconstruction-and-rehabilitation-after-2001-gujarat-earthquakehttp://www.adb.org/publications/reconstruction-and-rehabilitation-after-2001-gujarat-earthquakehttp://www.adb.org/publications/reconstruction-and-rehabilitation-after-2001-gujarat-earthquakehttp://www.adb.org/publications/rebuilding-traditional-houses-after-disastershttp://www.adb.org/publications/rebuilding-traditional-houses-after-disastershttp://www.adb.org/publications/rebuilding-traditional-houses-after-disastershttp://www.adb.org/features/ahead-curve-providing-sustainable-health-and-education-services-disaster-recovery-programshttp://www.adb.org/features/ahead-curve-providing-sustainable-health-and-education-services-disaster-recovery-programshttp://www.adb.org/features/ahead-curve-providing-sustainable-health-and-education-services-disaster-recovery-programshttp://www.adb.org/site/knowledge-management/featuresmailto:knowledge%40adb.org?subject=Ahead%20of%20the%20Curve