Download - Psychology and Safety
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Psychology and Safety
The Human Element in Loss
Prevention
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Human Error
85-95% of all accidents are the result of humanerror
Why do only selected individuals get hurt orbecome ill? (Why do bad things happen to goodpeople?) Physiological and psychological differences
Motivation and injury prevention
Satisfaction and safety
Attitudes and safety
Personality and loss prevention
Management leadership styles and injury prevention
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Terms
Psychologystudy of human behavior
Attitudesenduring reactions toward people,
places, or objects. Based on our beliefs oremotional feelings Biaspreferences based on attitudes
Job satisfactionspecific attitude that is
emotional feeling that individuals have abouttheir job.
Moralesatisfaction of individuals needs andthe extent to which employees recognize that
this satisfaction comes from their jobs
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More terms
Motivationinner drive, impulse, or need
that creates a personal incentive toward
behavior Behavior modificationapplication of
operant conditioning principles for
behavioral change in the occupationalenvironment
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Motivation
People cannot and do not motivate others.
It is an individual who acts or behaves in a
given situation Environment can increase likelihood of
action or performance, but individual must
respond
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Theories of motivation
Goal-directedpeople have various types of
needs
Needs-Hierarchy Theory Need-Achievement Theory
Motivational Hygiene Theory
Behavioralexamines environmental factors
that influence human performance Pavlovian
Operant
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Maslows Needs-Hierarchy
Theory
Everyone has basic needs that must be satisfiedbefore more advanced needs can becomemotivating factors
Physiological needsfood, water, shelter
Safety-securityhealth and well-being
Socialfriendships, relationships
Self-esteemsense of personal worth Self-Actualizationindividual more concerned
with well-being of others or state of society
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McClellands Need Achievement
Theory
3 essential motives that drive behavior
Achievement
Accomplishment of tasks and activities
Affiliation
Seeking company or association with others
PowerAbility to positively influence others
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Motivation Hygiene Theory
Employee motivation depends on
characteristics of the job, known as
intrinsic job factors Greater intrinsic job factors results in
increased job satisfaction
Negative correlation between jobsatisfaction and accidents
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Behavioral theories
Pavlovian theory
Also known as classical conditioning
Views behavior as reflexive
Skinnerian theory
Also know as operant conditioning
Views behavior as learned and dependent onenvironmental consequences
Positive vs. negative reinforcement
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Behavior Modification
A=Antecedents
Stimuli or cues in the workplace that prompt a
behavior B=Behavior
Anything observable or measurable
Consequences
Events in the environment that influencebehavior
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Incentives
May create more problems than they solve
Employees come to expect bonuses or
awards as part of regular pay Create unhealthy competition
Encourage inaccurate recordkeeping
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Reinforces
Anything that increases the likelihood of a
behavior
Sometimes used in place of effectivesafety programs and positive safety
cultures