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QUICK REVIEW OF
ELEMENTS, IONS, and COMPOUNDS
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Rules for Naming and Writing:1.) Each element has a name and a symbol
SYMBOLNAMEGold Au
The Chemical Elements
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Rules for Naming and Writing:1.) Each element has a name and a symbol
SYMBOLNAMEGoldSilver
AuAg
The Chemical Elements
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Rules for Naming and Writing:1.) Each element has a name and a symbol
SYMBOLNAMEGoldSilverCopper
AuAgCu
The Chemical Elements
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The Chemical ElementsRules for Naming and Writing:1.) Each element has a name and a symbol
SYMBOLNAMEGoldSilverCopperSulphur
AuAgCuS
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Rules for Naming and Writing:2.) The first letter in the symbol is always in upper case,
the second (if present) is always in lower case
Al
The Chemical Elements
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P
Rules for Naming and Writing:2.) The first letter in the symbol is always in upper case,
the second (if present) is always in lower case
The Chemical Elements
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COMPOUNDSIonic
compoundsCovalent
compounds
metal nonmetal
polyatomicion
nonmetal nonmetal
metal
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Naming of IONIC COMPOUNDS
metal nonmetal polyatomicionmetal
UNIVALENT MULTIVALENT
Al3+
Fe2+
Fe3+
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UNIVALENT METALS (cations)If a metal has only one charge
METAL NAME METAL SYMBOL
METAL ION NAME
METAL ION SYMBOL
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Use only the name of a metalMETAL NAME METAL
SYMBOLMETAL ION
NAMEMETAL ION
SYMBOLcalcium Ca calcium Ca2+
potassium K potassium K+
magnesium Mg magnesium Mg2+
silver Ag silver Ag+
lithium Li lithium Li+
aluminum Al aluminum Al3+
barium Ba barium Ba2+
cesium Cs cesium Cs+
UNIVALENT METALS (cations)
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If a metal has more than one charge…
MULTIVALENT METALS (cations)
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…the charge is indicated by a Roman numeral, in
parentheses, immediately following the name
(Fe2+) = iron (II) (“iron two”)
(Fe3+) = iron (III) (“iron three”)
THE STOCK NAMING SYSTEM
MULTIVALENT METALS (cations)
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METAL ION SYMBOL
METAL ION NAME USING THE STOCK NAMING SYSTEM
A NAME USING THE CLASSICAL
SYSTEM
Cu2+ copper (ll) cupric Au+ gold (l) aurousFe2+ iron (ll) ferrousPb2+ lead (ll) plumbousSn2+ tin (ll) stannousAu3+ gold (lll) auricCo2+ cobalt (ll) cobaltousHg2+ mercury (ll) mercuric
MULTIVALENT METALS (cations)
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For example:(Fe2+) = iron (II) ion (“iron two ion”)(Fe3+) = iron (III) ion (“iron three ion”)
Alternative Naming of Multivalent MetalsTHE CLASSICAL
NAMING SYSTEM
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For example:(Fe2+) = iron (II) ion = ferrous ion(Fe3+) = iron (III) ion = ferric ion
Alternative Naming of Multivalent MetalsTHE CLASSICAL
NAMING SYSTEM
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METAL ION SYMBOL
METAL ION NAME USING THE STOCK NAMING SYSTEM
A NAME USING THE CLASSICAL
SYSTEM
Cu2+ copper (ll) cupric Au+ gold (l) aurousFe2+ iron (ll) ferrousPb2+ lead (ll) plumbousSn2+ tin (ll) stannousAu3+ gold (lll) auricCo2+ cobalt (ll) cobaltousHg2+ mercury (ll) mercuric
MULTIVALENT METALS (cations)
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Naming of IONIC COMPOUNDS
metal nonmetal polyatomicionmetal
UNIVALENT MULTIVALENT
Al3+
Fe2+
Fe3+
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- Omit the original ending of the element’s name and add an “ide” ending
- “ide” ending means that the ion has a negative charge
For example:
NON – METAL IONS (anions)
Cl Cl-
chlorine
chloride
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ELEMENT NAME
ELEMENT SYMBOL
ION NAME ION SYMBOL
fluorine F fluoride F-
chlorine Cl chloride Cl-
bromine Br bromide Br-
iodine I iodide I-
oxygen O oxide O2-
sulphur S sulphide S2-
nitrogen N nitride N3-
phosphorus P phosphide P3-
NON – METAL IONS (anions)
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Naming of IONIC COMPOUNDS
metal nonmetal polyatomicionmetal
UNIVALENT MULTIVALENT
Al3+
Fe2+
Fe3+
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• A polyatomic ion contains more than one atom
Polyatomic Ions
OH-, CN-, NH4+, NO3
-
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Polyatomic IonsYou have to memorize the names, formulae, and charges of these
polyatomic ions + other ones (see the worksheet):Name Formula and
chargecarbonate CO3
2-
chromate CrO42-
dichromate Cr2O72-
sulphate SO42-
sulphite SO32-
nitrate NO3-
nitrite NO2-
ammonium NH4+
Name Formula and charge
acetate H3C2O2-
permanganate MnO4-
perchlorate ClO4-
oxalate C2O42-
cyanide CN-
chlorite ClO2-
phosphate PO43-
hydroxide OH-
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Naming of IONIC COMPOUNDS
metal nonmetal polyatomicionmetal
UNIVALENT MULTIVALENT
Al3+
Fe2+
Fe3+
PUTTING IT ALL
TOGETHER!
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Naming and Writing Formulae of Ionic Compounds
• A compound made up of ions of a metal AND a non-metal or a polyatomic ion
• A compound in which a metal and a non-metal/polyatomic ion donate and accept
electrons• The net (overall) charge of the ionic compound is
0 • i.e. the compound is NEUTRAL
What is an Ionic Compound?
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NAMING of IONIC COMPOUNDSIf you have a:metal: potassium (K) AND non-metal: chlorine (Cl)
Put it together in this way
RECALL: To get a non – metal ion name, change ending – INE to - IDE
metal non-metal ion
potassium chloride
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NAMING of IONIC COMPOUNDSTRY ON YOUR OWN:
magnesium (Mg) and fluorine(F)
iodine (I) and calcium (Ca)
magnesium fluoride
calcium iodideiodine calcide
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1.Write the formulas + charges for the metal ion (cation) and the nonmetal ion (anion)(or a polyatomic
ion)
Rules For Writing FormulaeOf Ionic Compounds
potassium oxideK+ and O2-
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2. Balance the charges, so the overall charge of the compound = 0
potassium oxideK+ and O2-
What is the overall charge right now?
-1=-2+1
We need it to be 0!
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2. Balance the charges, so the overall charge of the compound = 0
potassium oxideK+ and O2-
-1=-2+1
We need it to be 0!
ADD ONE MORE POTASSIUM
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2. Balance the charges, so the overall charge of the compound = 0
potassium oxideK+ and K+ and O2-
-1=-2+1
We need it to be 0!
+1
ADD ONE MORE POTASSIUM
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2. Balance the charges, so the overall charge of the compound = 0
potassium oxideK+ and K+ and O2-
0=-2+1
We need it to be 0!
+1
ADD ONE MORE POTASSIUM
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2. Balance the charges, so the overall charge of the compound = 0
potassium oxideK+ and K+ and O2-
0=-2+1
Now, it is ZERO!
+1 K2O
ADD ONE MORE POTASSIUM
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Example 2:iron (II) phosphate
iron (III) phosphate
Fe2+ PO43-
Fe3+ PO43-
Fe3(PO4)2
FePO4
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Rules For Naming Ionic Compounds
• This is a reverse process of what we just did
• You will translate a formula of a compound into a name of a
compound!
1. Simply write a name of the ions one after the another!
- Remember that the first ion has a positive charge (metal) and the second ion has a negative charge
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1. Simply write a name of the ions one after the another!
- Remember that the first ion has a positive charge (metal) and the second ion has a negative charge
Example 1:
Cl2Zn
zinc chloride
Rules For Naming Ionic Compounds
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1. Simply write a name of the ions one after the another!
- Remember that the first ion has a positive charge (metal) and the second ion has a negative charge
Example 2:
SO4Ca
calcium sulphate
Rules For Naming Ionic Compounds
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2. If the first ion (metal) is a multivalent one, use the second ion’s charge to
determine the first ion’s name
Rules For Naming Ionic Compounds
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Example 2:
O2Pb
lead (II) lead (IV)Which lead is it?
ORHow will you find out?
Rules For Naming Ionic Compounds
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Example 2:
O2Pb
lead (II) lead (IV)Which lead is it?
ORLook at the charge on the second
ion!
Rules For Naming Ionic Compounds
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Example 2:
O2Pb
lead (II) lead (IV)Which lead is it?
ORYou know:
1. The compound is neutral (overall 0 charge), so the charge of the first ion (lead) equals the charge on the
second ion (oxide)
Rules For Naming Ionic Compounds
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Example 2:
O2Pb
lead (II) lead (IV)Which lead is it?
OROne oxide’s (O2-) charge is:
O2
-2We have two oxides:
So, the charge of the two oxides is twice as much:-4
Rules For Naming Ionic Compounds
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Example 2:
O2Pb
lead (II) lead (IV)Which lead is it?
ORThe charge on the positive ion then MUST
be +4 to balance the negative charge of -4
Rules For Naming Ionic Compounds
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Example 2:
O2Pb
lead (II) lead (IV)Which lead is it?
ORThe correct ion is then:
Rules For Naming Ionic Compounds
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Example 2:
O2Pb
lead (II) lead (IV)Which lead is it?
ORAnd the name for this compound is:lead (IV) oxide
Rules For Naming Ionic Compounds