quick review of elements , ions , and compounds
DESCRIPTION
QUICK REVIEW OF ELEMENTS , IONS , and COMPOUNDS. The Chemical Elements. Rules for Naming and Writing: 1.) Each element has a name and a symbol. NAME. SYMBOL. Gold. Au. The Chemical Elements. Rules for Naming and Writing: 1.) Each element has a name and a symbol. NAME. SYMBOL. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
QUICK REVIEW OF
ELEMENTS, IONS, and COMPOUNDS
Rules for Naming and Writing:1.) Each element has a name and a symbol
SYMBOLNAMEGold Au
The Chemical Elements
Rules for Naming and Writing:1.) Each element has a name and a symbol
SYMBOLNAMEGoldSilver
AuAg
The Chemical Elements
Rules for Naming and Writing:1.) Each element has a name and a symbol
SYMBOLNAMEGoldSilverCopper
AuAgCu
The Chemical Elements
The Chemical ElementsRules for Naming and Writing:1.) Each element has a name and a symbol
SYMBOLNAMEGoldSilverCopperSulphur
AuAgCuS
Rules for Naming and Writing:2.) The first letter in the symbol is always in upper case,
the second (if present) is always in lower case
Al
The Chemical Elements
P
Rules for Naming and Writing:2.) The first letter in the symbol is always in upper case,
the second (if present) is always in lower case
The Chemical Elements
COMPOUNDSIonic
compoundsCovalent
compounds
metal nonmetal
polyatomicion
nonmetal nonmetal
metal
Naming of IONIC COMPOUNDS
metal nonmetal polyatomicionmetal
UNIVALENT MULTIVALENT
Al3+
Fe2+
Fe3+
UNIVALENT METALS (cations)If a metal has only one charge
METAL NAME METAL SYMBOL
METAL ION NAME
METAL ION SYMBOL
Use only the name of a metalMETAL NAME METAL
SYMBOLMETAL ION
NAMEMETAL ION
SYMBOLcalcium Ca calcium Ca2+
potassium K potassium K+
magnesium Mg magnesium Mg2+
silver Ag silver Ag+
lithium Li lithium Li+
aluminum Al aluminum Al3+
barium Ba barium Ba2+
cesium Cs cesium Cs+
UNIVALENT METALS (cations)
If a metal has more than one charge…
MULTIVALENT METALS (cations)
…the charge is indicated by a Roman numeral, in
parentheses, immediately following the name
(Fe2+) = iron (II) (“iron two”)
(Fe3+) = iron (III) (“iron three”)
THE STOCK NAMING SYSTEM
MULTIVALENT METALS (cations)
METAL ION SYMBOL
METAL ION NAME USING THE STOCK NAMING SYSTEM
A NAME USING THE CLASSICAL
SYSTEM
Cu2+ copper (ll) cupric Au+ gold (l) aurousFe2+ iron (ll) ferrousPb2+ lead (ll) plumbousSn2+ tin (ll) stannousAu3+ gold (lll) auricCo2+ cobalt (ll) cobaltousHg2+ mercury (ll) mercuric
MULTIVALENT METALS (cations)
For example:(Fe2+) = iron (II) ion (“iron two ion”)(Fe3+) = iron (III) ion (“iron three ion”)
Alternative Naming of Multivalent MetalsTHE CLASSICAL
NAMING SYSTEM
For example:(Fe2+) = iron (II) ion = ferrous ion(Fe3+) = iron (III) ion = ferric ion
Alternative Naming of Multivalent MetalsTHE CLASSICAL
NAMING SYSTEM
METAL ION SYMBOL
METAL ION NAME USING THE STOCK NAMING SYSTEM
A NAME USING THE CLASSICAL
SYSTEM
Cu2+ copper (ll) cupric Au+ gold (l) aurousFe2+ iron (ll) ferrousPb2+ lead (ll) plumbousSn2+ tin (ll) stannousAu3+ gold (lll) auricCo2+ cobalt (ll) cobaltousHg2+ mercury (ll) mercuric
MULTIVALENT METALS (cations)
Naming of IONIC COMPOUNDS
metal nonmetal polyatomicionmetal
UNIVALENT MULTIVALENT
Al3+
Fe2+
Fe3+
- Omit the original ending of the element’s name and add an “ide” ending
- “ide” ending means that the ion has a negative charge
For example:
NON – METAL IONS (anions)
Cl Cl-
chlorine
chloride
ELEMENT NAME
ELEMENT SYMBOL
ION NAME ION SYMBOL
fluorine F fluoride F-
chlorine Cl chloride Cl-
bromine Br bromide Br-
iodine I iodide I-
oxygen O oxide O2-
sulphur S sulphide S2-
nitrogen N nitride N3-
phosphorus P phosphide P3-
NON – METAL IONS (anions)
Naming of IONIC COMPOUNDS
metal nonmetal polyatomicionmetal
UNIVALENT MULTIVALENT
Al3+
Fe2+
Fe3+
• A polyatomic ion contains more than one atom
Polyatomic Ions
OH-, CN-, NH4+, NO3
-
Polyatomic IonsYou have to memorize the names, formulae, and charges of these
polyatomic ions + other ones (see the worksheet):Name Formula and
chargecarbonate CO3
2-
chromate CrO42-
dichromate Cr2O72-
sulphate SO42-
sulphite SO32-
nitrate NO3-
nitrite NO2-
ammonium NH4+
Name Formula and charge
acetate H3C2O2-
permanganate MnO4-
perchlorate ClO4-
oxalate C2O42-
cyanide CN-
chlorite ClO2-
phosphate PO43-
hydroxide OH-
Naming of IONIC COMPOUNDS
metal nonmetal polyatomicionmetal
UNIVALENT MULTIVALENT
Al3+
Fe2+
Fe3+
PUTTING IT ALL
TOGETHER!
Naming and Writing Formulae of Ionic Compounds
• A compound made up of ions of a metal AND a non-metal or a polyatomic ion
• A compound in which a metal and a non-metal/polyatomic ion donate and accept
electrons• The net (overall) charge of the ionic compound is
0 • i.e. the compound is NEUTRAL
What is an Ionic Compound?
NAMING of IONIC COMPOUNDSIf you have a:metal: potassium (K) AND non-metal: chlorine (Cl)
Put it together in this way
RECALL: To get a non – metal ion name, change ending – INE to - IDE
metal non-metal ion
potassium chloride
NAMING of IONIC COMPOUNDSTRY ON YOUR OWN:
magnesium (Mg) and fluorine(F)
iodine (I) and calcium (Ca)
magnesium fluoride
calcium iodideiodine calcide
1.Write the formulas + charges for the metal ion (cation) and the nonmetal ion (anion)(or a polyatomic
ion)
Rules For Writing FormulaeOf Ionic Compounds
potassium oxideK+ and O2-
2. Balance the charges, so the overall charge of the compound = 0
potassium oxideK+ and O2-
What is the overall charge right now?
-1=-2+1
We need it to be 0!
2. Balance the charges, so the overall charge of the compound = 0
potassium oxideK+ and O2-
-1=-2+1
We need it to be 0!
ADD ONE MORE POTASSIUM
2. Balance the charges, so the overall charge of the compound = 0
potassium oxideK+ and K+ and O2-
-1=-2+1
We need it to be 0!
+1
ADD ONE MORE POTASSIUM
2. Balance the charges, so the overall charge of the compound = 0
potassium oxideK+ and K+ and O2-
0=-2+1
We need it to be 0!
+1
ADD ONE MORE POTASSIUM
2. Balance the charges, so the overall charge of the compound = 0
potassium oxideK+ and K+ and O2-
0=-2+1
Now, it is ZERO!
+1 K2O
ADD ONE MORE POTASSIUM
Example 2:iron (II) phosphate
iron (III) phosphate
Fe2+ PO43-
Fe3+ PO43-
Fe3(PO4)2
FePO4
Rules For Naming Ionic Compounds
• This is a reverse process of what we just did
• You will translate a formula of a compound into a name of a
compound!
1. Simply write a name of the ions one after the another!
- Remember that the first ion has a positive charge (metal) and the second ion has a negative charge
1. Simply write a name of the ions one after the another!
- Remember that the first ion has a positive charge (metal) and the second ion has a negative charge
Example 1:
Cl2Zn
zinc chloride
Rules For Naming Ionic Compounds
1. Simply write a name of the ions one after the another!
- Remember that the first ion has a positive charge (metal) and the second ion has a negative charge
Example 2:
SO4Ca
calcium sulphate
Rules For Naming Ionic Compounds
2. If the first ion (metal) is a multivalent one, use the second ion’s charge to
determine the first ion’s name
Rules For Naming Ionic Compounds
Example 2:
O2Pb
lead (II) lead (IV)Which lead is it?
ORHow will you find out?
Rules For Naming Ionic Compounds
Example 2:
O2Pb
lead (II) lead (IV)Which lead is it?
ORLook at the charge on the second
ion!
Rules For Naming Ionic Compounds
Example 2:
O2Pb
lead (II) lead (IV)Which lead is it?
ORYou know:
1. The compound is neutral (overall 0 charge), so the charge of the first ion (lead) equals the charge on the
second ion (oxide)
Rules For Naming Ionic Compounds
Example 2:
O2Pb
lead (II) lead (IV)Which lead is it?
OROne oxide’s (O2-) charge is:
O2
-2We have two oxides:
So, the charge of the two oxides is twice as much:-4
Rules For Naming Ionic Compounds
Example 2:
O2Pb
lead (II) lead (IV)Which lead is it?
ORThe charge on the positive ion then MUST
be +4 to balance the negative charge of -4
Rules For Naming Ionic Compounds
Example 2:
O2Pb
lead (II) lead (IV)Which lead is it?
ORThe correct ion is then:
Rules For Naming Ionic Compounds
Example 2:
O2Pb
lead (II) lead (IV)Which lead is it?
ORAnd the name for this compound is:lead (IV) oxide
Rules For Naming Ionic Compounds