Researches in the field of rolling stockResearches in the field of rolling stock in in RussiaRussia
Deputy director of Deputy director of VNIIZhTVNIIZhT
A. A. ZarucheyskiyZarucheyskiy
Seminar«Global View» June 21, 2007.
2
COMPLEX APPROACH TO DEVELOPMET OF COMPLEX APPROACH TO DEVELOPMET OF TYPIFICATIONTYPIFICATION
Типаж перспективного подвижного состава
ПЕРЕВОЗОЧНЫЙ ПРОЦЕССTRAFFIC PROCESSTRAFFIC PROCESS
TYPIFICATION OF PERSPECTIVE ROLLING STOCKTYPIFICATION OF PERSPECTIVE ROLLING STOCK
Типаж перспективного подвижного составаINFRASTRUCTUREINFRASTRUCTURE
Locomotives EMUs Passenger cars Freight cars
TRACK POWER SUPPLY C & SSafety of operation
Ecology
ECONOMICSECONOMICS
3
DM12EM7EM6ЭM5Rapid interregional
DP11ЭЛ4EL3Suburban
ES9ES8High speed
DA10ЭГ2EG1Urban
Diesel trainsMulti-system tractive units
a.c.d.c.
Electric trainsType of service
ER200ER100Rapid passenger
EP3EP2
2ES4 2ES5
8 - axle8 - axle
Э3Э2
6-axle
6 -axle
4 -axle
4-axle
ТEM10, ТE15`Shunting,Shunt – back operations
ТEP25, ТEP35EP5EPП4Passenger
TЭ25, ТЭ35ES5ES4Freight
a.c.d.c.Diesel
locomotives
Electric locomotives
Type of service
TYPES OF PERSPECTIVE ROLLING STOCKTYPES OF PERSPECTIVE ROLLING STOCK
4
MAIN ADVANTAGES OF ROLLING STOCK OF A NEW MAIN ADVANTAGES OF ROLLING STOCK OF A NEW GENERATIONGENERATION
Increase in operating rateIncrease in operating rateIncrease in operating rate 8-10%88--10%10%
Increase in the factor of technical readiness, decr ease in the required fleetIncrease in the factor of technical readinessIncrease in the factor of technical readiness , , decrease in the required fleetdecrease in the required fleet
Decrease in expenses for maintenance and repairDecrease in expenses for maintenance and repairDecrease in expenses for maintenance and repair
Decrease in specific consumption of fuel by diesel locomotivesDecrease in specific consumption of fuel by diesel locomotivesDecrease in specific consumption of fuel by diesel locomotives
Decrease in specific consumption of power by electr ic locomotivesDecrease in specific consumption of power by electr ic locomotiveDecrease in specific consumption of power by electr ic locomotive ss
7-12%77--12%12%
10-12%1010--12%12%
8-10%88--10%10%
5-10%55--10%10%
Increase in the estimated life of the main supporti ng structuresIncrease in the estimated life of the main supporti ng Increase in the estimated life of the main supporti ng structuresstructures Electric
locomotivesElectric Electric locomotiveslocomotives
Up to 45years
Up toUp to 4545yearsyears
Diesel locomotivesDiesel Diesel locomotiveslocomotives
до 40yearsдодо 4040yearsyears
Decrease in specific consumption of power by electr ic trainsDecrease in specific consumption of power by electr ic trainsDecrease in specific consumption of power by electr ic trains 15-25%1515--25%25%
PROGRAM OF LOCOMOTIVE AND CAR BUILDINGPROGRAM OF LOCOMOTIVE AND CAR BUILDING
20092007
ETAP-3
ETAP-2
ETAP-1
20102008200620052004
Locomotives and EMUs with CTD
Electric trains and rapid electric locomotives with ATD
Use of ATD for passenger and freight locomotives
CТD – commutator tractive drive; АТD – asynchronous tractive drive
ELECTRIC TRAINS SAVING POWERELECTRIC TRAINS SAVING POWER
ED4E
ET4E
ED9E
ED6
EТ2А
EN3
АТDNEVZNEVZENZ
КТD“Electrosila”DMZED9Э
A.c. electric trainsA.c. electric trains
АТДTsNII TEPTorjВEET2А
ATDHitachiDMЗED6
CТДREZTorjVZET4E
CTD“Electrosila”DMZED4E
D.c. electric trainsD.c. electric trains
Type of Type of drivedrive
Manufacturer of Manufacturer of electrical electrical
equipmentequipment
Manufacturer of Manufacturer of electric trainselectric trainsSeriesSeries
Power consumption Cost of an electric train
ED4EED4 ED6
-20%-25%
ED4EED4 ED6
+7%
+40-60%
PROBLEMS OF ASYNCHRONOUS DRIVE PROBLEMS OF ASYNCHRONOUS DRIVE DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT
Advantages of asynchronous drive
�Decrease of power loss in the range of low speeds;�Improvement of traction characteristics in the range of high speeds;�Ensuring of reliable regeneration for all range of speeds.
205 209 ED4 ED6
Ratio of cost of electric trains with commutator and asynchronous traction
drive in Japan and Russia
Japan Russia
+10…15%
+300%
8
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Axle load, ts
Interrelation of problems related to improvement of tract ion Interrelation of problems related to improvement of tract ion drives and increase in axle loadsdrives and increase in axle loads
Field of application of commutator drive
Field of application of non-commutator drive
Pow
er o
f Tra
ctio
n m
otor
, kW
Diesel locomotive characteristics of diesel for a shunting diesel locomotive at an
average monthly operation
0
10
20
30
40
50
хх 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Позиция км
Rel
ativ
e pe
riod
of
wor
k %
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Cap
acity
,kW
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF GAS – DIESEL LOCOMOTIVES
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF GAS DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF GAS –– DIESEL LOCOMOTIVESDIESEL LOCOMOTIVES
33…36
40…44
40…44
К.п.д.%
Compression ignitionDiesel
Spark ignition. Delivery of gas at suction
Gas engine
Delivery of gas into cylinders on intake stroke. Ignition from a fuse portion of diesel fuel (15%)
Gas diesel
Design featuresType of power unit
Comparison of diesels and engines working on natura l gas
Development program of experimental operation of di esel locomotives on compressed and liquefied gas on the
site of Sverdlovskaya railway; JSC «RZD», RJSC«Gazprom», administration of Sverdlovskiy region.
VNIIZhT1.Scientific and methodic support2.Development of gas delivery system3. Tests and refinement of gas-diesel locomotives and their systems
Industry1. Working out of documentation.2.Manufacturing of gas – diesel locomotives in accordance with JSC “RZD” requirements.
Results of gas-diesel locomotives TEM18G :� Replacement of up to 50% of diesel fuel by natural g as. � It is proved by operation of diesel locomotives ТEM18G
on Oktyabrskaya (up to 50%) and Sverdlovskaya railway (36…44%).
� Saving of up to 25% of the costs for diesel fuel.� Improvement of ecological characteristics� Retention of traction characteristics of diesel
locomotives.
Work fulfilled in 2006 :1. System of electronic gas delivery2. Fuel equipment ensuring work on gas from low
running notches3. Support of TEM18G operation 4. Development of main line gas – diesel
locomotives
Plans for 2007 :1. Scientific and technical support at creation of
gas-diesel locomotives ТEМ18GB. Carrying out of their tests
2. Development of gas-diesel locomotive Ch МЭ3G.
RJSC «Gazprom», administration of Sverdlovskiy region.Development of infrastructure for gas fueling
Field of work related to gas delivery – up to2006
Expansion of regimes of work on gas on the basis of results of 2006
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GAS -TURBINE POWER UNITSGAS GAS --TURBINE POWER UNITSTURBINE POWER UNITS
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
годы
%� High coefficient of efficiency within a wide range of loads
� Ecological indices
� Use of a wide range of fuels. A possibility of 100% work on natural gas.
� Minimal changes at transfer to alternative fuels
� Decrease in costs for maintenance and routine repai r
� Minimal power consumption for auxiliary loads
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0 0,25 0,5 0,75 1
г/кВт� Gas-turbine engine GTD1000 with regenerator for tran sport
� High-molecular energy storage capacitors
� High- speed induction generator
� Electromagnetic and pneumatic bearings
� Contactless traction and auxiliary equipment with regeneration
ADVANTAGES OF GAS ADVANTAGES OF GAS –– TURBINE ENGINESTURBINE ENGINES
NEW TECHNICAL DECISIONSNEW TECHNICAL DECISIONS
ACHIEVED COEFFICIENT OF EFFICIENCY OF ACHIEVED COEFFICIENT OF EFFICIENCY OF POWER UNITSPOWER UNITS
Gas turbines
Diesels
SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTIONSPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTION
Transport turbines
DieselsAir-craft turbines
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Use of power capacitorsUse of power capacitorsLocomotives
Electric rolling stock1. Ensuring of passing neutral air
inserts and intermediate links at the regime of traction
2. A possibility of passing along non-electrified sections
Autonomous locomotives and MVPS1. Decrease in the rated capacity of
the power unit at retention of given traction characteristics
2. Decrease in power consumption3. Improvement of ecological
characteristics4. Starting of diesels of
locomotives of the series which are under operation
Power supply1. Compensation of load peaks at
passing of trains.2. Decrease in the rated capacity of sub-
stations3. Emergency supply of sub-stations
Decrease in capacity of traction sub-stations
Saving of power consumption of up to10…15%
Saving of diesel fuel of up to 40…50%
Decrease in power consumption of up to 10…15%
Saving of diesel fuel consumption of up to40%
Perspective types of capacitors :1. Condensers.2. High-molecular capacitors.3. Lithium – ionium, lithium -
polymeric accumulator batteries.4. Mechanical capacitors on the
basis of carbon technologies.
Work fulfilled by the department� Creation of hybrid shunting locomotives and и MVPS;� Technical decisions on use of capacitors for power supply facilities and for electric rolling stock
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Relative changes in efficiency coefficient of power units к
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1
1,1
0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1
Relative capacity, %
Rel
ativ
e ch
ange
s in
the
coef
ficie
nt.
Work fulfilled in 2006 :� Technical requirements for a car of power
supply of track machines in tunnels on the basis of fuel cells
� Main parameters of the power unit on fuel cells for a rail bus and the required fuel capacity
� Assembling of the power unit and capacity of compressed natural gas in the body RA1.
Plan for 2007:� Manufacturing and test of rail car on fuel
cells� Manufacturing of car for power supply on
fuel cells.
Use of hydrogen fuelUse of hydrogen fuelTests of a fuel cells stack of capacity -
50 kW (RKK “Energya”)
1. Required traction characteristics of locomotives are ensured
2. Efficiency coefficient of the power unit is on the level which is not less than 75% within all the range of capacities
Fuel cells
Diesel
Chemical energy of fuel and oxidizer
Combustion chamber Fuel cell
Heat
Turbine or engine
Mechanical energy
Electrical generator
Electric energy