Researches in the field of rolling stockResearches in the field of rolling stock in in RussiaRussia

Deputy director of Deputy director of VNIIZhTVNIIZhT

A. A. ZarucheyskiyZarucheyskiy

Seminar«Global View» June 21, 2007.

2

COMPLEX APPROACH TO DEVELOPMET OF COMPLEX APPROACH TO DEVELOPMET OF TYPIFICATIONTYPIFICATION

Типаж перспективного подвижного состава

ПЕРЕВОЗОЧНЫЙ ПРОЦЕССTRAFFIC PROCESSTRAFFIC PROCESS

TYPIFICATION OF PERSPECTIVE ROLLING STOCKTYPIFICATION OF PERSPECTIVE ROLLING STOCK

Типаж перспективного подвижного составаINFRASTRUCTUREINFRASTRUCTURE

Locomotives EMUs Passenger cars Freight cars

TRACK POWER SUPPLY C & SSafety of operation

Ecology

ECONOMICSECONOMICS

3

DM12EM7EM6ЭM5Rapid interregional

DP11ЭЛ4EL3Suburban

ES9ES8High speed

DA10ЭГ2EG1Urban

Diesel trainsMulti-system tractive units

a.c.d.c.

Electric trainsType of service

ER200ER100Rapid passenger

EP3EP2

2ES4 2ES5

8 - axle8 - axle

Э3Э2

6-axle

6 -axle

4 -axle

4-axle

ТEM10, ТE15`Shunting,Shunt – back operations

ТEP25, ТEP35EP5EPП4Passenger

TЭ25, ТЭ35ES5ES4Freight

a.c.d.c.Diesel

locomotives

Electric locomotives

Type of service

TYPES OF PERSPECTIVE ROLLING STOCKTYPES OF PERSPECTIVE ROLLING STOCK

4

MAIN ADVANTAGES OF ROLLING STOCK OF A NEW MAIN ADVANTAGES OF ROLLING STOCK OF A NEW GENERATIONGENERATION

Increase in operating rateIncrease in operating rateIncrease in operating rate 8-10%88--10%10%

Increase in the factor of technical readiness, decr ease in the required fleetIncrease in the factor of technical readinessIncrease in the factor of technical readiness , , decrease in the required fleetdecrease in the required fleet

Decrease in expenses for maintenance and repairDecrease in expenses for maintenance and repairDecrease in expenses for maintenance and repair

Decrease in specific consumption of fuel by diesel locomotivesDecrease in specific consumption of fuel by diesel locomotivesDecrease in specific consumption of fuel by diesel locomotives

Decrease in specific consumption of power by electr ic locomotivesDecrease in specific consumption of power by electr ic locomotiveDecrease in specific consumption of power by electr ic locomotive ss

7-12%77--12%12%

10-12%1010--12%12%

8-10%88--10%10%

5-10%55--10%10%

Increase in the estimated life of the main supporti ng structuresIncrease in the estimated life of the main supporti ng Increase in the estimated life of the main supporti ng structuresstructures Electric

locomotivesElectric Electric locomotiveslocomotives

Up to 45years

Up toUp to 4545yearsyears

Diesel locomotivesDiesel Diesel locomotiveslocomotives

до 40yearsдодо 4040yearsyears

Decrease in specific consumption of power by electr ic trainsDecrease in specific consumption of power by electr ic trainsDecrease in specific consumption of power by electr ic trains 15-25%1515--25%25%

PROGRAM OF LOCOMOTIVE AND CAR BUILDINGPROGRAM OF LOCOMOTIVE AND CAR BUILDING

20092007

ETAP-3

ETAP-2

ETAP-1

20102008200620052004

Locomotives and EMUs with CTD

Electric trains and rapid electric locomotives with ATD

Use of ATD for passenger and freight locomotives

CТD – commutator tractive drive; АТD – asynchronous tractive drive

ELECTRIC TRAINS SAVING POWERELECTRIC TRAINS SAVING POWER

ED4E

ET4E

ED9E

ED6

EТ2А

EN3

АТDNEVZNEVZENZ

КТD“Electrosila”DMZED9Э

A.c. electric trainsA.c. electric trains

АТДTsNII TEPTorjВEET2А

ATDHitachiDMЗED6

CТДREZTorjVZET4E

CTD“Electrosila”DMZED4E

D.c. electric trainsD.c. electric trains

Type of Type of drivedrive

Manufacturer of Manufacturer of electrical electrical

equipmentequipment

Manufacturer of Manufacturer of electric trainselectric trainsSeriesSeries

Power consumption Cost of an electric train

ED4EED4 ED6

-20%-25%

ED4EED4 ED6

+7%

+40-60%

PROBLEMS OF ASYNCHRONOUS DRIVE PROBLEMS OF ASYNCHRONOUS DRIVE DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

Advantages of asynchronous drive

�Decrease of power loss in the range of low speeds;�Improvement of traction characteristics in the range of high speeds;�Ensuring of reliable regeneration for all range of speeds.

205 209 ED4 ED6

Ratio of cost of electric trains with commutator and asynchronous traction

drive in Japan and Russia

Japan Russia

+10…15%

+300%

8

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Axle load, ts

Interrelation of problems related to improvement of tract ion Interrelation of problems related to improvement of tract ion drives and increase in axle loadsdrives and increase in axle loads

Field of application of commutator drive

Field of application of non-commutator drive

Pow

er o

f Tra

ctio

n m

otor

, kW

Diesel locomotive characteristics of diesel for a shunting diesel locomotive at an

average monthly operation

0

10

20

30

40

50

хх 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Позиция км

Rel

ativ

e pe

riod

of

wor

k %

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Cap

acity

,kW

DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF GAS – DIESEL LOCOMOTIVES

DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF GAS DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF GAS –– DIESEL LOCOMOTIVESDIESEL LOCOMOTIVES

33…36

40…44

40…44

К.п.д.%

Compression ignitionDiesel

Spark ignition. Delivery of gas at suction

Gas engine

Delivery of gas into cylinders on intake stroke. Ignition from a fuse portion of diesel fuel (15%)

Gas diesel

Design featuresType of power unit

Comparison of diesels and engines working on natura l gas

Development program of experimental operation of di esel locomotives on compressed and liquefied gas on the

site of Sverdlovskaya railway; JSC «RZD», RJSC«Gazprom», administration of Sverdlovskiy region.

VNIIZhT1.Scientific and methodic support2.Development of gas delivery system3. Tests and refinement of gas-diesel locomotives and their systems

Industry1. Working out of documentation.2.Manufacturing of gas – diesel locomotives in accordance with JSC “RZD” requirements.

Results of gas-diesel locomotives TEM18G :� Replacement of up to 50% of diesel fuel by natural g as. � It is proved by operation of diesel locomotives ТEM18G

on Oktyabrskaya (up to 50%) and Sverdlovskaya railway (36…44%).

� Saving of up to 25% of the costs for diesel fuel.� Improvement of ecological characteristics� Retention of traction characteristics of diesel

locomotives.

Work fulfilled in 2006 :1. System of electronic gas delivery2. Fuel equipment ensuring work on gas from low

running notches3. Support of TEM18G operation 4. Development of main line gas – diesel

locomotives

Plans for 2007 :1. Scientific and technical support at creation of

gas-diesel locomotives ТEМ18GB. Carrying out of their tests

2. Development of gas-diesel locomotive Ch МЭ3G.

RJSC «Gazprom», administration of Sverdlovskiy region.Development of infrastructure for gas fueling

Field of work related to gas delivery – up to2006

Expansion of regimes of work on gas on the basis of results of 2006

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GAS -TURBINE POWER UNITSGAS GAS --TURBINE POWER UNITSTURBINE POWER UNITS

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

годы

%� High coefficient of efficiency within a wide range of loads

� Ecological indices

� Use of a wide range of fuels. A possibility of 100% work on natural gas.

� Minimal changes at transfer to alternative fuels

� Decrease in costs for maintenance and routine repai r

� Minimal power consumption for auxiliary loads

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

0 0,25 0,5 0,75 1

г/кВт� Gas-turbine engine GTD1000 with regenerator for tran sport

� High-molecular energy storage capacitors

� High- speed induction generator

� Electromagnetic and pneumatic bearings

� Contactless traction and auxiliary equipment with regeneration

ADVANTAGES OF GAS ADVANTAGES OF GAS –– TURBINE ENGINESTURBINE ENGINES

NEW TECHNICAL DECISIONSNEW TECHNICAL DECISIONS

ACHIEVED COEFFICIENT OF EFFICIENCY OF ACHIEVED COEFFICIENT OF EFFICIENCY OF POWER UNITSPOWER UNITS

Gas turbines

Diesels

SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTIONSPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTION

Transport turbines

DieselsAir-craft turbines

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Use of power capacitorsUse of power capacitorsLocomotives

Electric rolling stock1. Ensuring of passing neutral air

inserts and intermediate links at the regime of traction

2. A possibility of passing along non-electrified sections

Autonomous locomotives and MVPS1. Decrease in the rated capacity of

the power unit at retention of given traction characteristics

2. Decrease in power consumption3. Improvement of ecological

characteristics4. Starting of diesels of

locomotives of the series which are under operation

Power supply1. Compensation of load peaks at

passing of trains.2. Decrease in the rated capacity of sub-

stations3. Emergency supply of sub-stations

Decrease in capacity of traction sub-stations

Saving of power consumption of up to10…15%

Saving of diesel fuel of up to 40…50%

Decrease in power consumption of up to 10…15%

Saving of diesel fuel consumption of up to40%

Perspective types of capacitors :1. Condensers.2. High-molecular capacitors.3. Lithium – ionium, lithium -

polymeric accumulator batteries.4. Mechanical capacitors on the

basis of carbon technologies.

Work fulfilled by the department� Creation of hybrid shunting locomotives and и MVPS;� Technical decisions on use of capacitors for power supply facilities and for electric rolling stock

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Relative changes in efficiency coefficient of power units к

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1

1,1

0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1

Relative capacity, %

Rel

ativ

e ch

ange

s in

the

coef

ficie

nt.

Work fulfilled in 2006 :� Technical requirements for a car of power

supply of track machines in tunnels on the basis of fuel cells

� Main parameters of the power unit on fuel cells for a rail bus and the required fuel capacity

� Assembling of the power unit and capacity of compressed natural gas in the body RA1.

Plan for 2007:� Manufacturing and test of rail car on fuel

cells� Manufacturing of car for power supply on

fuel cells.

Use of hydrogen fuelUse of hydrogen fuelTests of a fuel cells stack of capacity -

50 kW (RKK “Energya”)

1. Required traction characteristics of locomotives are ensured

2. Efficiency coefficient of the power unit is on the level which is not less than 75% within all the range of capacities

Fuel cells

Diesel

Chemical energy of fuel and oxidizer

Combustion chamber Fuel cell

Heat

Turbine or engine

Mechanical energy

Electrical generator

Electric energy