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Rural Demographics & Rural Demographics & Immigration in CanadaImmigration in Canada
Robert Annis and Jill BucklaschukRural Development Institute
Brandon University
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Presentation OverviewPresentation OverviewRural & Small Town (RST) Demographics –national & provincial snapshotsDemographic ChallengesRural Immigration as a ResponseRural Immigration in Manitoba (MB)Illustrative Case – Brandon, MBLabour Shortage Strategies – Temporary Foreign WorkersImpacts for the CommunityRequirements for Successful Settlement & Retention
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RST Demographics in CanadaRST Demographics in Canada
Population in RSTs grew by 1.0% between 2001 2006, and declined by 0.4% between 1996 – 2001.Canadians living in rural areas:
2006 2001 199620% 20.6% 22.1%
About 2/3 lived in areas strongly or moderately influenced by a major metropolitan area.
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Provincial SnapshotsProvincial SnapshotsPercentage of provincial population living in RSTs, in 2006: 14.9% of Ontario's population; 28.5% of Manitoba's population;42.2% of Newfoundland and Labrador's population and; 56.6% of Nunavut's population.
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Proximity to Urban Centres Proximity to Urban Centres Impacts GrowthImpacts GrowthPopulation change between 2001 – 2006: RSTs near urban centres = 4.7%. RSTs in remote areas, farther from urban centres = 0.1%). Of the 25 fastestgrowing RSTs since 2001, 14 are located less than 50 kilometres from Montréal, Toronto or Vancouver.
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Rural Demographics: Rural Demographics: The Changing Face of Rural?The Changing Face of Rural?Rural areas are competitive in attracting young adults (when close to cities) and early retirees.Youth outmigration and skill shortagesAboriginal population is an important growth factor.RSTs’ growth is increasingly dependent on proximity to metropolitan centres.
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Immigration as a Response to Immigration as a Response to Demographic ChallengesDemographic Challenges
Address declining populationsRevitalize and diversify rural communitiesCommunity economic development strategyAttract higher skilled workers
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Immigration in CanadaImmigration in Canada2/3 of Canada’s population growth is attributed to immigration.In 2006, Canada admitted 252,000 immigrants.2006: foreignborn proportion of Canada’s population highest in 75 years. Canada’s proportion (19.8%) of foreignborn second only to Australia (22.2%).
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Immigration to Canada is an Immigration to Canada is an Uneven & Urban Phenomenon Uneven & Urban Phenomenon Of recent immigrants:More than 4/5 settled in Ontario, BC, or Quebec.97.2% resided in metropolitan areas, compared to 77.5 % of the total Canadian population.68.9% lived in Toronto, Vancouver, or Montreal.2006: 2.8% of recent immigrants to Canada lived in rural areas.
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Immigration in ManitobaImmigration in Manitoba2007: Manitoba received 10,955 newcomers (4.6% of total immigration to Canada).4th highest percentage of foreignborn population amongst provinces.Aggressive immigration strategy –increase annual targets to 20,000 over the next decade.70% of Manitoba’s immigrants are Provincial Nominees (PNs).
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Urban & Rural Immigration in MBUrban & Rural Immigration in MB
01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,0008,0009,00010,000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Winnipeg Rural
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Top Regional Destinations (MB)Top Regional Destinations (MB)
36%
31%
18%
6%
2%2%1%
1%1%1%1%
WinklerBrandonSteinbachMordenRheinlandThompsonPortage la PrairieSt. AnneAltonaSelkirkVirden
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Illustrative Case: Brandon, MBIllustrative Case: Brandon, MBPopulation = 41, 511 (2006 Statistics Canada Census)
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Strategies to Address Labour & Strategies to Address Labour & Skill ShortagesSkill ShortagesLocal, national, and international recruitmentLowSkilled Temporary Foreign Worker (TFW) ProgramProvincial Nominee Program (PNP)City of Brandon support for addressing labour market needs
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LowLowSkilled TFW ProgramSkilled TFW ProgramEmployerdriven demand for labour.Maple Leaf Foods (MLF) is the largest manufacturer in Brandon.MLF began international recruitment in 2002.939 international recruits currently work at the MLF plant.Family reunification is increasing the number of newcomers to the community.
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Estimated TFW & Family ArrivalsEstimated TFW & Family Arrivals
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011Year
Total TFWArrivals(Stock)
Actual &Antic ipatedTFW &FamilyArrivals(Stock)
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Population ProjectionsPopulation Projections
35000
40000
45000
50000
55000
60000
1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 2021 2026 2031Y e ar
B randon
P rojec tion 1
P rojec tion 2
P rojec tion 3
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Impacts for Brandon & areaImpacts for Brandon & areaRegional and local economic developmentLocal infrastructure developmentAddress demographic challenges and labour shortagesService providers are overburdened.Increasing community diversityRapid demographic change impacts and challenges rural municipal governments and service providers.
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Impediments & Challenges in Impediments & Challenges in Rural Immigration InitiativesRural Immigration Initiatives
WillingnessVisibilityCapacity Social CohesionInformation/ExpectationsDynamics of AttractionEmployment/ EntrepreneurshipIsolation
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Addressing Issues/Challenges:Addressing Issues/Challenges:The Role of Research, Policy, & The Role of Research, Policy, & PracticePractice
RESPONDS
RESPONDSRESPONDS
INFORMS INFORMS
INFORMS
PRACTICE/ COMMUNITY
POLICY
RESEARCH
IMMIGRANT
PERSPECTIVE
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Requirements for Successful Requirements for Successful Settlement & RetentionSettlement & RetentionCreate and deliver a community orientation and settlement strategyCommunication and information sharing amongst stakeholders regarding numbers of arrivals (TFWs and families).Plan proactively and community ‘readiness’Ensure a welcoming community
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For Additional Information:For Additional Information:
Rural Development Institutewww.brandonu.ca/rdi/
Robert Annis, Ph.D.Director, Rural Development Institute
Brandon [email protected]
2045718513