rural demographics immigration in canada · uneven & urban phenomenon of recent immigrants:...

22
Rural Demographics & Rural Demographics & Immigration in Canada Immigration in Canada Robert Annis and Jill Bucklaschuk Rural Development Institute Brandon University

Upload: others

Post on 27-Sep-2020

3 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Rural Demographics Immigration in Canada · Uneven & Urban Phenomenon Of recent immigrants: More than 4/5 settled in Ontario, BC, or Quebec. 97.2% resided in metropolitan areas, compared

Rural Demographics & Rural Demographics & Immigration in CanadaImmigration in Canada

Robert Annis and Jill BucklaschukRural Development Institute

Brandon University

Page 2: Rural Demographics Immigration in Canada · Uneven & Urban Phenomenon Of recent immigrants: More than 4/5 settled in Ontario, BC, or Quebec. 97.2% resided in metropolitan areas, compared

2

Presentation OverviewPresentation OverviewRural & Small Town (RST) Demographics –national & provincial snapshotsDemographic ChallengesRural Immigration as a ResponseRural Immigration in Manitoba (MB)Illustrative Case – Brandon, MBLabour Shortage Strategies – Temporary Foreign WorkersImpacts for the CommunityRequirements for Successful Settlement & Retention

Page 3: Rural Demographics Immigration in Canada · Uneven & Urban Phenomenon Of recent immigrants: More than 4/5 settled in Ontario, BC, or Quebec. 97.2% resided in metropolitan areas, compared

3

RST Demographics in CanadaRST Demographics in Canada

Population in RSTs grew by 1.0% between 2001 ­ 2006, and declined by 0.4% between 1996 – 2001.Canadians living in rural areas: 

2006 2001 199620% 20.6% 22.1%

About 2/3 lived in areas strongly or moderately influenced by a major metropolitan area.

Page 4: Rural Demographics Immigration in Canada · Uneven & Urban Phenomenon Of recent immigrants: More than 4/5 settled in Ontario, BC, or Quebec. 97.2% resided in metropolitan areas, compared

4

Provincial SnapshotsProvincial SnapshotsPercentage of provincial population living in RSTs, in 2006: 14.9% of Ontario's population; 28.5% of Manitoba's population;42.2% of Newfoundland and Labrador's population and; 56.6% of Nunavut's population.

Page 5: Rural Demographics Immigration in Canada · Uneven & Urban Phenomenon Of recent immigrants: More than 4/5 settled in Ontario, BC, or Quebec. 97.2% resided in metropolitan areas, compared

5

Proximity to Urban Centres Proximity to Urban Centres Impacts GrowthImpacts GrowthPopulation change between 2001 – 2006: RSTs near urban centres =     4.7%. RSTs in remote areas, farther from urban centres =      0.1%). Of the 25 fastest­growing RSTs since 2001, 14 are located less than 50 kilometres from Montréal, Toronto or Vancouver.

Page 6: Rural Demographics Immigration in Canada · Uneven & Urban Phenomenon Of recent immigrants: More than 4/5 settled in Ontario, BC, or Quebec. 97.2% resided in metropolitan areas, compared

6

Rural Demographics: Rural Demographics: The Changing Face of Rural?The Changing Face of Rural?Rural areas are competitive in attracting young adults (when close to cities) and early retirees.Youth out­migration and skill shortagesAboriginal population is an important growth factor.RSTs’ growth is increasingly dependent on proximity to metropolitan centres.

Page 7: Rural Demographics Immigration in Canada · Uneven & Urban Phenomenon Of recent immigrants: More than 4/5 settled in Ontario, BC, or Quebec. 97.2% resided in metropolitan areas, compared

7

Immigration as a Response to Immigration as a Response to Demographic ChallengesDemographic Challenges

Address declining populationsRevitalize and diversify rural communitiesCommunity economic development strategyAttract higher skilled workers

Page 8: Rural Demographics Immigration in Canada · Uneven & Urban Phenomenon Of recent immigrants: More than 4/5 settled in Ontario, BC, or Quebec. 97.2% resided in metropolitan areas, compared

8

Immigration in CanadaImmigration in Canada2/3 of Canada’s population growth is attributed to immigration.In 2006, Canada admitted 252,000 immigrants.2006: foreign­born proportion of Canada’s population highest in 75 years. Canada’s proportion (19.8%) of foreign­born second only to Australia (22.2%).

Page 9: Rural Demographics Immigration in Canada · Uneven & Urban Phenomenon Of recent immigrants: More than 4/5 settled in Ontario, BC, or Quebec. 97.2% resided in metropolitan areas, compared

9

Immigration to Canada is an Immigration to Canada is an Uneven & Urban Phenomenon Uneven & Urban Phenomenon Of recent immigrants:More than 4/5 settled in Ontario, BC, or Quebec.97.2% resided in metropolitan areas, compared to 77.5 % of the total Canadian population.68.9% lived in Toronto, Vancouver, or Montreal.2006: 2.8% of recent immigrants to Canada lived in rural areas.

Page 10: Rural Demographics Immigration in Canada · Uneven & Urban Phenomenon Of recent immigrants: More than 4/5 settled in Ontario, BC, or Quebec. 97.2% resided in metropolitan areas, compared

10

Immigration in ManitobaImmigration in Manitoba2007: Manitoba received 10,955 newcomers (4.6% of total immigration to Canada).4th highest percentage of foreign­born population amongst provinces.Aggressive immigration strategy –increase annual targets to 20,000 over the next decade.70% of Manitoba’s immigrants are Provincial Nominees (PNs).

Page 11: Rural Demographics Immigration in Canada · Uneven & Urban Phenomenon Of recent immigrants: More than 4/5 settled in Ontario, BC, or Quebec. 97.2% resided in metropolitan areas, compared

11

Urban & Rural Immigration in MBUrban & Rural Immigration in MB

01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,0008,0009,00010,000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Winnipeg Rural

Page 12: Rural Demographics Immigration in Canada · Uneven & Urban Phenomenon Of recent immigrants: More than 4/5 settled in Ontario, BC, or Quebec. 97.2% resided in metropolitan areas, compared

12

Top Regional Destinations (MB)Top Regional Destinations (MB)

36%

31%

18%

6%

2%2%1%

1%1%1%1%

WinklerBrandonSteinbachMordenRheinlandThompsonPortage la PrairieSt. AnneAltonaSelkirkVirden

Page 13: Rural Demographics Immigration in Canada · Uneven & Urban Phenomenon Of recent immigrants: More than 4/5 settled in Ontario, BC, or Quebec. 97.2% resided in metropolitan areas, compared

13

Illustrative Case: Brandon, MBIllustrative Case: Brandon, MBPopulation = 41, 511 (2006 Statistics Canada Census)

Page 14: Rural Demographics Immigration in Canada · Uneven & Urban Phenomenon Of recent immigrants: More than 4/5 settled in Ontario, BC, or Quebec. 97.2% resided in metropolitan areas, compared

14

Strategies to Address Labour & Strategies to Address Labour & Skill ShortagesSkill ShortagesLocal, national, and international recruitmentLow­Skilled Temporary Foreign Worker (TFW) ProgramProvincial Nominee Program (PNP)City of Brandon support for addressing labour market needs

Page 15: Rural Demographics Immigration in Canada · Uneven & Urban Phenomenon Of recent immigrants: More than 4/5 settled in Ontario, BC, or Quebec. 97.2% resided in metropolitan areas, compared

15

LowLow­­Skilled TFW ProgramSkilled TFW ProgramEmployer­driven demand for labour.Maple Leaf Foods (MLF) is the largest  manufacturer in Brandon.MLF began international recruitment in 2002.939 international recruits currently work at the MLF plant.Family reunification is increasing the number of newcomers to the community.

Page 16: Rural Demographics Immigration in Canada · Uneven & Urban Phenomenon Of recent immigrants: More than 4/5 settled in Ontario, BC, or Quebec. 97.2% resided in metropolitan areas, compared

16

Estimated TFW & Family ArrivalsEstimated TFW & Family Arrivals

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011Year

Total TFWArrivals(Stock)

Actual &Antic ipatedTFW &FamilyArrivals(Stock)

Page 17: Rural Demographics Immigration in Canada · Uneven & Urban Phenomenon Of recent immigrants: More than 4/5 settled in Ontario, BC, or Quebec. 97.2% resided in metropolitan areas, compared

17

Population ProjectionsPopulation Projections

35000

40000

45000

50000

55000

60000

1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 2021 2026 2031Y e ar

B randon

P rojec tion 1

P rojec tion 2

P rojec tion 3

Page 18: Rural Demographics Immigration in Canada · Uneven & Urban Phenomenon Of recent immigrants: More than 4/5 settled in Ontario, BC, or Quebec. 97.2% resided in metropolitan areas, compared

18

Impacts for Brandon & areaImpacts for Brandon & areaRegional and local economic developmentLocal infrastructure developmentAddress demographic challenges and labour shortagesService providers are overburdened.Increasing community diversityRapid demographic change impacts and challenges rural municipal governments and service providers.

Page 19: Rural Demographics Immigration in Canada · Uneven & Urban Phenomenon Of recent immigrants: More than 4/5 settled in Ontario, BC, or Quebec. 97.2% resided in metropolitan areas, compared

19

Impediments & Challenges in Impediments & Challenges in Rural Immigration InitiativesRural Immigration Initiatives

WillingnessVisibilityCapacity Social CohesionInformation/ExpectationsDynamics of AttractionEmployment/ EntrepreneurshipIsolation

Page 20: Rural Demographics Immigration in Canada · Uneven & Urban Phenomenon Of recent immigrants: More than 4/5 settled in Ontario, BC, or Quebec. 97.2% resided in metropolitan areas, compared

20

Addressing Issues/Challenges:Addressing Issues/Challenges:The Role of Research, Policy, & The Role of Research, Policy, & PracticePractice

RESPONDS

RESPONDSRESPONDS

INFORMS INFORMS

INFORMS

PRACTICE/ COMMUNITY

POLICY

RESEARCH

IMMIGRANT

PERSPECTIVE

Page 21: Rural Demographics Immigration in Canada · Uneven & Urban Phenomenon Of recent immigrants: More than 4/5 settled in Ontario, BC, or Quebec. 97.2% resided in metropolitan areas, compared

21

Requirements for Successful Requirements for Successful Settlement & RetentionSettlement & RetentionCreate and deliver a community orientation and settlement strategyCommunication and information sharing amongst stakeholders regarding numbers of arrivals (TFWs and families).Plan proactively and community ‘readiness’Ensure a welcoming community

Page 22: Rural Demographics Immigration in Canada · Uneven & Urban Phenomenon Of recent immigrants: More than 4/5 settled in Ontario, BC, or Quebec. 97.2% resided in metropolitan areas, compared

22

For Additional Information:For Additional Information:

Rural Development Institutewww.brandonu.ca/rdi/

Robert Annis, Ph.D.Director, Rural Development Institute

Brandon [email protected]

204­571­8513