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Russ T. BretellManager – Education
Coolant Analysis
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Coolant Analysis
Setting the Stage:
– Functions of the cooling system
– Challenges to the cooling system
Supplemental Coolant Additives (SCAs)
Why we should be concerned about pH
Coolant Analysis
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Functions of the Cooling System:
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Absorb Engine Heat Circulate
Dissipate/Radiate Control
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Current Trends:
Higher engine operating temperatures
– Fuel Economy, Emission Regulations, Clean Burn
• Emission Control Devices
• Exhaust Gas Recirculation
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Poor Coolant Maintenance Programs Leads to Serious Problems
Corrosion
Scaling
Oil Fouling
Aeration
Liner Pitting
Cavitation
Erosion
Water Pump Seal
Failures
Silicate Gellation
Cummins Confidential
Challenges to Key Cooling System Components
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Why Supplemental Coolant Additives? (SCA)
Additives provide protection against:
– Scale & Corrosion
– Foaming
– Rust
– Cavitation and Erosion
– Liner pitting
– Changes in pH
– Metal Protection:
• Iron
• Aluminum
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Common Coolant Additives
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•Coolant additives are typically classified as being either organic or
inorganic.
•Organic additives contain Carbon and are often used in acid
or azole form
•Inorganic additives do NOT contain carbon and are often
used in salt form
Organic
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Common Inorganic Additives
Inorganic Additives
• Nitrite: Ferrous metal protection and liner pitting protection
• Nitrate: Aluminum protection
• Silicate: Aluminum protection
• Molybdate: Protects all system metals plus works very well with
nitrite to protect liners
• Phosphate: Buffer plus ferrous metal & aluminum protection
• Borate: Buffer and ferrous metal protection
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Common Organic Additives
Azoles
Tolyltriazole (TT) and Benzotriazole (BT): Copper/Brass
protection
Organic Additives
Benzoic Acid: Iron and Aluminum protection
T-Butyl Benzoic – Iron and Aluminum protection
Adipic Acid: Aluminum protection
Sebacic Acid: Iron and Aluminum protection
DDA - Iron and Aluminum protection
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2EH): Iron and Aluminum protection
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What is good water?
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Demineralized or Deionized
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Make-Up Water Quality Kit CC2609
Determines the suitability of “shop
water” for use in coolant
Ensures coolant make-up water meets
OEM, TMC, and ASTM
Specifications
Checks – Hardness
Chloride Levels
pH Levels
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Maintenance Products
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Coolant Types
Conventional– Mostly inorganic additives (borate, nitrate, silicate, nitrite, etc)
– Usually lower cost, but with shorter service interval
Hybrid– Combination of inorganic and organic additives
– “Biggest bang for your buck” (balanced cost, overall performance, and extended service interval)
– Typical additives include borate, nitrite, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, Molybdate, etc in combination with organic acids.
OAT (Organic Acid Technology)– Mostly organic acids (benzoic, Sebacic, Adipic, etc) and NO nitrite,
amines, or phosphate (NAP)
– Longest service interval, but usually at a higher cost
– Global Coolant - contains no additives to which OEM’s object
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Good
Better
Best
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Extended Service vs. Extended Life Coolants
Service Interval: the interval at which the system should be re-inhibited
with SCAs
Extended Life: the useful life of the coolant before condemnation due
to TDS: Chlorides, sulphates, as well as pH.
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Why concerns over pH?
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Acidic pH
Over time, acid levels in the
coolant increase. This will
lead to further corrosion, as
well as the faster depletion
of the additives. Buffering
agents are included in a
good, Fully Formulated
Coolant to maintain proper
pH levels.
X
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Monitor Coolant Condition With
Quik-Check™ CC2618Measures levels of pH, Sulfate,
and Chloride for overall Coolant
Quality
Minimizes unnecessary draining
of Coolant still within
specifications
Determines when coolant
breakdown and/or contamination
occurs
Maintenance Products
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• The CC2718 kit is a pass/fail test that
determines the existing coolant’s condition
• Condemnation Limits indicated on the
CC2718 test kit include:
– Chlorides Pass under 200 ppm
– Sulphates Pass under 1500 ppm
– pH level Pass between 7 and 11
Check Existing Coolant
Quik-Chek™ CC2718
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3-Way Test Kit CC2602
Pads measure
% Glycol/Freeze-Point, Molybdate, and Nitrite
Used with conventional and hybrid coolants
Uses Nitrite and Molybdate to determine SCA units per gallon
SCA units is an measure of the coolant’s ability to protect liners
Not for use in Nitrite free OAT coolants
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Maintenance Products
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4-Way Test Kit CC8997
Used only with Non-Nitrite
Organic Acid Technology (OAT)
coolants
The 4-Way test kit contains two
types of test strips and a bottle of
test reagent
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Maintenance Products
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Steps to Cooling System Maintenance
1. Start with a clean system
2. Test with a condemnation kit
3. OK: move forward; NOT OK, drain, clean, replace
4. Test with a Three Way test kit for proper freeze point and SCA
amount
5. Ensure correct balance of coolant/water – 50/50
6. Top up with Fully Formulated Coolant and SCA’s as necessary
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