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Natural Gas SolutionsApplications, Features, Specifications
aerospace
climate controlelectromechanical
filtration
fluid & gas handling
hydraulics
pneumatics
process control
sealing & shielding
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New developments and improvementsare constantly being made to increasethe use o this clean burning, ef cientuel.
Natural gas comes rom underground,and thousands o kilometres opipeline exist in Europe to transportthe gas. Compressor stations locatedalong the length o pipeline move thegas rom the wellhead to consumerdistribution points.
Why Filter Natural Gas?
Production Treatment Pipeline Distribution
Gas Production Flow Process
Natural gas comes rom theground. Once a gas site hasbeen identied, a well is
drilled and the gas is extractedrom the ground.
Natural Gas Production, page 2
Alternative Fuel Applications
Te above ow process showshow natural gas is taken rom theproduction point to the nal user.Some other natural gas applicationsare also outlined in this brochure
Raw natural gas existsin mixtures with otherhydrocarbons, water vapour,
and acid gas, along with othercontaminants, and must betreated prior to transport.
Amine Sweetening, page 2Desiccant Dehydration, page 3Glycol Dehydration, page 3
Natural gas is transportedto high demand areas viaan elaborate network o
pipelines, and is sometimesstored when it is not required.
Fuel Gas, page 4
Pipeline quality natural gasis ready to be delivered toconsumers or use in homes
and businesses.
Booster Station, page 4
However, the raw gas rom the groundrequires processing and rening beoreit is ready or use.
Te installation o Parker ltersmakes it possible to improve processef ciency and provide optimal processprotection. Te rigid, graded-densitystructure o Parker lter productsef ciently removes solids andcontaminants that would quickly plugcompetitive lters.
Natural gas consumption in Europe accounts for about 20% of theworld total.
Details o these products are discussedin the ollowing application andproduct overview.
Te gure below identies thestages o natural gas processing anddistribution. Parker can provide apositive impact on ef ciencies in eacho these processes
Landfll Gas Filtration (page 5)Landll waste decomposes andproduces landll gas. Tis gas consistsmainly o methane and carbondioxide. Landll gas is naturally dirty
and contains particulate and moisture.Filtration o the collected gas enteringinto a compressor will eliminatecontaminants that would otherwisedamage downstream equipment.
Digester Gas (page 5)Production o digester gas involvesconverting animal and ood processing
waste into digester gas, or biogas. Teresultant gas will contain impurities
such as water, condensed gas liquidsand hydrocarbons that must beremoved prior to transport or use orstorage.
Alternative Fuels Compressed naturalgas (page 6)
With over 6 million CNG vehiclesand 7,500 ll stations in use globally,the prevention o solid and liquid
contamination rom damaging CNGuel dispensing systems and CNGvehicles is vital. Te installation oParker lters in these processes canprovide an increase in the ef cienciesor CNG market distributions.
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Amine Sweetening
Te ApplicationIn a natural gas treatment acility, aprocess reerred to as sweeteningoccurs in which amines are used toremove acid gas (mainly hydrogensulde and carbon dioxide) rom inletgas streams. Natural gas is ed into acontactor tower where it contacts theamine. Te sweet gas then makes its
way through a carbon bed to removetrace hydrocarbons beore entering astripper section.
Te ProblemContaminants include condensed gasliquids at the inlet, pipeline solids anddirt, amine carryover and liquid slugs,all o which contribute to:
Contact tower foaming and
fouling, resulting in less acid
gas being adsorbed and
amine migrating downstream
Carbon bed fouling
High maintenance costs due tomakeup solvent, equipment
repair and replacement
Increased energy usage
Te Solutionwo-stage ltration o the incomingnatural gas will eliminate bulk liquidsand solids prior to entering the aminesweetening process, reducing amineoaming and carryover. A coalescershould be placed downstream o thecontactor tower to remove entrainedamine solvent beore it reaches thecarbon bed. Downstream o this bed,a particulate lter will prevent carbonnes rom migrating back into the gasstream.
Natural Gas ProductionTe ApplicationOnce a natural gas well has beendrilled, the gas is extracted romthe ground via natural pressure andsent through a compressor prior to
treatment.
Te ProblemRaw natural gas, as it existsunderground, contains liquid slugs,hydrogen sulde, oil and othercontaminants. Te wells rom whichthe gas is extracted are dirty.Sometimes these wells are alsotreated with acids or gases to promotemovement o the gas to the surace.Common problems include:
Compressor fouling Fouling of gas treatment
processes
Equipment corrosion
Unnecessary maintenance due
to lack of filtration
Te Solutionwo-stage coalescing prior to the gasentering the compressor should takecare o any solids and liquids thatcould damage it. A coalescing lter
placed ater the compressor skid willeliminate compressor lube oil romthe exiting gas beore it is sent out ortreatment.
Production
Treatment
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Fuel Gas
Te ApplicationPipeline and/or stored natural gas issent through a compressor and heated,
preparing it or use as a uel gas. Tisgas supplies the energy needed tooperate heavy duty machinery and
various tools employed throughout aactory.
Te ProblemIn general, pipeline natural gas doesnot receive adequate ltration prior to
entering a actory or use as uel gas.Tis gas can contain solids such assand, clay and iron; condensed gasliquids, water vapour and additivessuch as odourisers and corrosioninhibitors used in the gas pipeline,leading to:
Compressor and burner fouling
Instrument wear
Frequent maintenance and
repair
Te Solutionwo-stage ltration o the eed gasprior to entering the compressor
station will eliminate any solids andliquids that could otherwise contributeto compressor ailure.
A coalescing lter should be used atercompression to eliminate compressorlube oil prior to the gas beingintroduced into the rest o the actory.
Compressor Booster StationTe Application
As natural gas ows through a pipeline,it loses pressure due to rictionagainst the inside o the pipe. Te gasneeds pressure to continue moving.Compressor booster stations located
along the pipelines keep the pressurehigh enough to allow the gas to ow.
Additionally, these lines are subject toperiodic pigging (cleaning) processes
which can dislodge solid and liquidcontaminants that have accumulatedover time.
Te ProblemNatural gas traveling the length o apipeline can pick up contaminantssuch as pipe scale, compressor lubeoil, water and chemicals used toreduce pipe corrosion, causing:
Compressor damage
Chiller coil damage
Increased pipeline maintenance
Significant decrease in gas flow
Te SolutionSending the natural gas throughParkers 10C or 100WS media priorto entering the compressor station
will eliminate any solids and liquidsthat would otherwise contribute to
compressor ailure.
A coalescing lter should be used atercompression to eliminate compressorlube oil prior to the gas beingintroduced back into the pipeline.
Pipeline
Distribution
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Landfill Gas Filtration
Te ApplicationLandll waste decomposes andproduces what is known as landllgas. Tis gas is composed mainly
o methane and carbon dioxide,with small amounts o other gases,organic (non-methane) and inorganiccompounds. Landll gas has provento be a reliable energy source or bothindustrial and residential use, and itsconversion reduces greenhouse gasemissions, pollution and energy costs.
Landll gas is collected inunderground wells, brought to thesurace and compressed beore beingsent out or resale and delivery.
Te ProblemLandlls are naturally dirty and retainparticulate and moisture. emperaturechanges increase the amount o
condensate at both the heat exchangeroutlet and gas collection point.Inadequate ltration o produced gas
will lead to:
System compressor damage
Heat exchanger fouling
Unpleasant odours
Safety hazards and other
problems at energy usage sites
Te SolutionFiltration o collected landll gasentering into the compressor willeliminate particles, liquid slugs and
aerosols that could otherwise damagedownstream equipment. A coalescershould be placed downstream othe heat exchanger to collect anycompressor lube oil and condensedliquids.
Digester GasTe Application
Anaerobic digestion involvesconverting organic materials such asanimal waste and ood processing
waste into what is known as digestergas, or biogas. Te waste material isput into an airtight container, called adigester, where temperature, pH levelsand the amount o time spent in thecontainer are closely monitored.
Te waste is then decomposed andbroken down into smaller molecules.Te decomposed matter is convertedto organic acids.
Finally, the acids are converted todigester gas. Te gas can then be usedas an energy source or various processcomponents such as engines and
turbines, or can be stored or utureuse.
Te ProblemOnce the waste material has beenplaced in the digester, mixed andconverted to gas, the resultant gas
will contain impurities generatedby and let over rom the actualdigestion process. Tis includes water,condensed gas liquids, hydrocarbonsand acid gas that must be removedprior to transport or use or storage.Unltered gas will lead to:
Compressor damage
Fouling of gas scrubbers, valves
and other instrumentation
equipment
Te SolutionTe gas coming o o the digestershould be ltered prior to entering agas receiver to eliminate contaminantsgenerated by digestion. Gas leavingtreatment should be ltered to removeany liquids carried over rom theprocess. A coalescing lter is alsorecommended ater compression toget rid o any compressor oils that maybe transported downstream.
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Alternative Fuels - Fuel DispensingTe ApplicationCompressed Natural Gas (CNG) isa leading alternative to traditionaluel or the automotive industry.CNG is used in passenger vehicles,
pickup trucks, in transit and onschool buses. It is less expensivethan diesel or petroleum and is moreenvironmentally riendly it reducesthe amount o carbon monoxide,carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon
vehicle exhaust emissions.
Natural gas is gathered rom a pipelineand travels to a connecting compressorstation. Te gas is elevated to pressuresranging rom 138 barg up to 345 barg
and the resultant CNG is stored inlarge tanks. Te CNG then makes itsway to a gas dispenser where it is readyor use in natural gas vehicles.
Te ProblemCNG is prone to the same types ocontamination that is present intraditional uels solids that collectduring handling, water that condenses
in tanks and compressor lube oils thatcarry over into the CNG stream. Duringits transport to the dispenser, the CNG
will also have contaminants that aregenerated within the delivery system.Tis leads to:
Compressor fouling
Vehicle fuel system repair
Liquids in storage tanks
Gas dispenser replacement
Te ApplicationEf cient operation o a CNG vehiclerequires protection o the uel systemto prevent premature ailing o the uelinjectors and precision components.Te gas is dispensed rom the llingstation to the vehicle uel tank, nallyentering the uel injection system.
Alternative Fuels - On Board Applications
Te ProblemContaminants such as lube oilcarryover rom compressors,condensed liquids in uel tanks andsolids buildup during gas handlingcontributes to:
System downtime
Component repair and failure Increased maintenance costs
Te SolutionFiltration is the key to guardingagainst damaging contaminants thatcould ruin the uel system. Installinga coalescer upstream o the highpressure regulator extends the systemslie and reduces maintenance costs.
A low pressure lter can also beused downstream o the regulator toprotect other uel injection systemcomponents.
Te SolutionInstalling a lower pressure particulatelter beore the compressor station
will remove pipe scale to preventcompressor damage. Beore the gas
is transported rom storage to thedispenser, pre-ltration o the gas withtwo-stage coalescing will eliminatesolids, oil and water generated duringunderground transit.
For extra protection, a high ef ciencycoalescer should be placed at thegas dispenser to protect sensitivedispenser metering equipment andprevent oil rom making its way intothe vehicle.
Parkers
ZJ-Series
CNG Gas
Dispenser
High Pressure
Coalescer
Low Pressure
Coalescer
Fuel Injection
System
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Filters for Natural Gas Applications
Parker oers an array o lters sizedto handle natural gas ows to 228, 204Nm3/ hr and several media choices tomeet natural gas application demands.PED compliant lter housings areconstructed rom carbon steel orstainless steel.
Choices o lter media types includeglass bre or coalescing liquids,cellulose or particulate removal and
activated carbon materials or oilvapour and hydrocarbon removal.Filter element ratings are availablerom 100 micron down to 0.01 micron.
Pressures to 350 bar
Coalescing, particulate and
adsorption elements available
Connections to DN200
Flows from 1429 Nm3/hr -
228,204 Nm3/hr
Temperatures to 232C
Optional indicators, gauges,
drains and ATEX approval
Design: PED
Available Options: High
Temperature, High Pressure,All Stainless Construction
Media types available: C
(grades 4, 6 and 10), 7CVP, 3P, A
& 100WS (See opposite page)
ZJ-SeriesZA-Series
Pressure rating 16 to 100 barg
Flanges to DN200
100% retention of 1 micron
droplets and liquids
PED Compliant
ATEX approved option avaliable
Gas dispensing filter
1/2 - 2 Line Size
Pressure Rating 350 bar
PED compliant
ATEX approved option avaliable
For more detailed information on these product lines, please see Catalogue S3.2.206
PED Compliant Vessels
FFC-Series
On board alternative fuel filter
ECER110 Approval on request
- Standard Governing CNG
components
Complete removal of solid
particles, condensed water and
oils
Protection of Fuel Injectors and
other precision components
Reduce maintenance and
extend equipment life
Alternative FuelsNatural Gas
High Pressure Low Pressure
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Parker knows that no two constructionprojects are the same, but we alsounderstand that owners, engineeringhouses and contractors ace similarissues around the world.
By involving us at the earliest possiblestage o your project, we can deliverFiltration and Separation solutionsthat out-perorm in critical areas, suchas cost-eective logistics, the most
appropriate product selection, andcommercial agreements that add valueby being simpler, clearer and as ar-reaching as you want them to be.
By partnering with Parker at an earlystage o your project you can be sureo:
The lowest overall cost
A safe, reliable, quality system
Global availability and support
The best technical solution
Parker Filtration and Separation - themost complete and exible oeringavailable today.
Global Company, Local SupportParker is the leader in motion and control, partnering with itscustomers to increase their productivity and profitability.
With an annual turnover o over $10
billion and 57
,000 employees Parkermeasures its success by what it doesor you.
Guided by a relentless drive to improveyour products and processes, we bringour engineering know-how to yourapplication, wherever it may be.
From 60 sales of ces in 44 countiesaround the world Parker services 12,000distributors and 427,000 customers.
Quality ManufacturingWith over 250 manuacturing plants,Parkers manuacturing experiencespans more than hal a century.
Partnerships$10.7 Billion in Revenues900,000 Products427,000 Customers57,000 Employees12,000 Distribution/MRO
Outlets1,200 Markets287 Manuacturing
Plants125 Divisions
Our global reputation as a reliablesupplier o superior products resultsrom a ocused and integrateddevelopment and manuacturingsystem.
Tis begins with the customer identiying needs, exploringopportunities and meeting thechallenge o change.
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Your Local Authorized Parker Distributor
Parker Hannifin (UK) Ltd
Filtration and SeparationHermitage Court
Hermitage Lane
Maidstone, Kent UK
phone +44 (0) 1622 723300
fax +44 (0) 1622 728703
www.parker.com
North AmericaUnited States, Clevelandphone 216 896 3000
fax 216 896 4019
United States, Haverhillphone 978 858 0505
fax 978 858 0625
United States, Oxfordphone 248 628 6400
fax 248 628 1850
Sales Offices Worldwide
Asia PacificChina, Beijingphone +86 10 6561 0520
fax +86 10 6561 0526-7
India, Mumbai
phone +91 22 6513 7081-85fax +91 22 2768 6841
United Arab Emirates, AbuDhabiphone +971 2 6788587
fax +971 2 6793812
South AmericaArgentina, Buenos Airesphone +54 3327 44 4129
fax +54 3327 44 4199
Brazil, Jacareiphone +55 12 3955 1000
fax +55 12 3955 1010
EuropeAustria, Wiener Neustadtphone +43 2622 235010
fax +43 2622 66212
Belgium, Nivellesphone +32 67 280900
fax +32 67 280 999
Czech Republic, Klecanyphone +420 284 083 111
fax +420 284 083 112
Denmark, Ballerupphone +45 43 560400
fax +45 43 733107
Finland, Vantaaphone +358 (0) 20 753 2500
fax +358 (0)20 753 2501
France, Contamine-sur-Arvephone +33 04 50 97 87 14
fax +33 04 50 97 95 10
Germany, Kaarstphone +49 2131 4016 0
fax +49 2131 4016 9199
Hungary, Budapestphone +36 1 2204155
fax +36 1 4221525
Italy, Corsicophone +39 02 451921
fax +39 02 44 79 340
Netherlands, Oldenzaalphone +31 541 8585000
fax +31 541 585459
Norway, Berghaganphone +47 64 91 10 00
fax +47 6491 10 90
Poland, Warsawphone +48 22 57 32 400
fax +48 22 57 32 403
Spain, Madridphone +34 902 33 00 01
fax +34 91 6757711
Sweden, Spngaphone +46 8 5979 5000
fax +46 8 5979 5120
Switzerland, Genevaphone +41 22 307 7111
fax +41 22 307 7110
December 2007 / S3.2.231