s3.2.231 - natural gas brochure

7/28/2019 S3.2.231 - Natural Gas Brochure

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Natural Gas SolutionsApplications, Features, Specifications

aerospace

climate controlelectromechanical

filtration

fluid & gas handling

hydraulics

pneumatics

process control

sealing & shielding


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New developments and improvementsare constantly being made to increasethe use o this clean burning, ef cientuel.

Natural gas comes rom underground,and thousands o kilometres opipeline exist in Europe to transportthe gas. Compressor stations locatedalong the length o pipeline move thegas rom the wellhead to consumerdistribution points.

Why Filter Natural Gas?

Production Treatment Pipeline Distribution

Gas Production Flow Process

Natural gas comes rom theground. Once a gas site hasbeen identied, a well is

drilled and the gas is extractedrom the ground.

Natural Gas Production, page 2

Alternative Fuel Applications

Te above ow process showshow natural gas is taken rom theproduction point to the nal user.Some other natural gas applicationsare also outlined in this brochure

Raw natural gas existsin mixtures with otherhydrocarbons, water vapour,

and acid gas, along with othercontaminants, and must betreated prior to transport.

Amine Sweetening, page 2Desiccant Dehydration, page 3Glycol Dehydration, page 3

Natural gas is transportedto high demand areas viaan elaborate network o

pipelines, and is sometimesstored when it is not required.

Fuel Gas, page 4

Pipeline quality natural gasis ready to be delivered toconsumers or use in homes

and businesses.

Booster Station, page 4

However, the raw gas rom the groundrequires processing and rening beoreit is ready or use.

Te installation o Parker ltersmakes it possible to improve processef ciency and provide optimal processprotection. Te rigid, graded-densitystructure o Parker lter productsef ciently removes solids andcontaminants that would quickly plugcompetitive lters.

Natural gas consumption in Europe accounts for about 20% of theworld total.

Details o these products are discussedin the ollowing application andproduct overview.

Te gure below identies thestages o natural gas processing anddistribution. Parker can provide apositive impact on ef ciencies in eacho these processes

Landfll Gas Filtration (page 5)Landll waste decomposes andproduces landll gas. Tis gas consistsmainly o methane and carbondioxide. Landll gas is naturally dirty

and contains particulate and moisture.Filtration o the collected gas enteringinto a compressor will eliminatecontaminants that would otherwisedamage downstream equipment.

Digester Gas (page 5)Production o digester gas involvesconverting animal and ood processing

waste into digester gas, or biogas. Teresultant gas will contain impurities

such as water, condensed gas liquidsand hydrocarbons that must beremoved prior to transport or use orstorage.

Alternative Fuels Compressed naturalgas (page 6)

With over 6 million CNG vehiclesand 7,500 ll stations in use globally,the prevention o solid and liquid

contamination rom damaging CNGuel dispensing systems and CNGvehicles is vital. Te installation oParker lters in these processes canprovide an increase in the ef cienciesor CNG market distributions.


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Amine Sweetening

Te ApplicationIn a natural gas treatment acility, aprocess reerred to as sweeteningoccurs in which amines are used toremove acid gas (mainly hydrogensulde and carbon dioxide) rom inletgas streams. Natural gas is ed into acontactor tower where it contacts theamine. Te sweet gas then makes its

way through a carbon bed to removetrace hydrocarbons beore entering astripper section.

Te ProblemContaminants include condensed gasliquids at the inlet, pipeline solids anddirt, amine carryover and liquid slugs,all o which contribute to:

Contact tower foaming and

fouling, resulting in less acid

gas being adsorbed and

amine migrating downstream

Carbon bed fouling

High maintenance costs due tomakeup solvent, equipment

repair and replacement

Increased energy usage

Te Solutionwo-stage ltration o the incomingnatural gas will eliminate bulk liquidsand solids prior to entering the aminesweetening process, reducing amineoaming and carryover. A coalescershould be placed downstream o thecontactor tower to remove entrainedamine solvent beore it reaches thecarbon bed. Downstream o this bed,a particulate lter will prevent carbonnes rom migrating back into the gasstream.

Natural Gas ProductionTe ApplicationOnce a natural gas well has beendrilled, the gas is extracted romthe ground via natural pressure andsent through a compressor prior to

treatment.

Te ProblemRaw natural gas, as it existsunderground, contains liquid slugs,hydrogen sulde, oil and othercontaminants. Te wells rom whichthe gas is extracted are dirty.Sometimes these wells are alsotreated with acids or gases to promotemovement o the gas to the surace.Common problems include:

Compressor fouling Fouling of gas treatment

processes

Equipment corrosion

Unnecessary maintenance due

to lack of filtration

Te Solutionwo-stage coalescing prior to the gasentering the compressor should takecare o any solids and liquids thatcould damage it. A coalescing lter

placed ater the compressor skid willeliminate compressor lube oil romthe exiting gas beore it is sent out ortreatment.

Production

Treatment

Parkers Parkers Parkers

Parkers ParkersParkers Parkers


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Fuel Gas

Te ApplicationPipeline and/or stored natural gas issent through a compressor and heated,

preparing it or use as a uel gas. Tisgas supplies the energy needed tooperate heavy duty machinery and

various tools employed throughout aactory.

Te ProblemIn general, pipeline natural gas doesnot receive adequate ltration prior to

entering a actory or use as uel gas.Tis gas can contain solids such assand, clay and iron; condensed gasliquids, water vapour and additivessuch as odourisers and corrosioninhibitors used in the gas pipeline,leading to:

Compressor and burner fouling

Instrument wear

Frequent maintenance and

repair

Te Solutionwo-stage ltration o the eed gasprior to entering the compressor

station will eliminate any solids andliquids that could otherwise contributeto compressor ailure.

A coalescing lter should be used atercompression to eliminate compressorlube oil prior to the gas beingintroduced into the rest o the actory.

Compressor Booster StationTe Application

As natural gas ows through a pipeline,it loses pressure due to rictionagainst the inside o the pipe. Te gasneeds pressure to continue moving.Compressor booster stations located

along the pipelines keep the pressurehigh enough to allow the gas to ow.

Additionally, these lines are subject toperiodic pigging (cleaning) processes

which can dislodge solid and liquidcontaminants that have accumulatedover time.

Te ProblemNatural gas traveling the length o apipeline can pick up contaminantssuch as pipe scale, compressor lubeoil, water and chemicals used toreduce pipe corrosion, causing:

Compressor damage

Chiller coil damage

Increased pipeline maintenance

Significant decrease in gas flow

Te SolutionSending the natural gas throughParkers 10C or 100WS media priorto entering the compressor station

will eliminate any solids and liquidsthat would otherwise contribute to

compressor ailure.

A coalescing lter should be used atercompression to eliminate compressorlube oil prior to the gas beingintroduced back into the pipeline.

Pipeline

Distribution


Parkers Parkers


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Landfill Gas Filtration

Te ApplicationLandll waste decomposes andproduces what is known as landllgas. Tis gas is composed mainly

o methane and carbon dioxide,with small amounts o other gases,organic (non-methane) and inorganiccompounds. Landll gas has provento be a reliable energy source or bothindustrial and residential use, and itsconversion reduces greenhouse gasemissions, pollution and energy costs.

Landll gas is collected inunderground wells, brought to thesurace and compressed beore beingsent out or resale and delivery.

Te ProblemLandlls are naturally dirty and retainparticulate and moisture. emperaturechanges increase the amount o

condensate at both the heat exchangeroutlet and gas collection point.Inadequate ltration o produced gas

will lead to:

System compressor damage

Heat exchanger fouling

Unpleasant odours

Safety hazards and other

problems at energy usage sites

Te SolutionFiltration o collected landll gasentering into the compressor willeliminate particles, liquid slugs and

aerosols that could otherwise damagedownstream equipment. A coalescershould be placed downstream othe heat exchanger to collect anycompressor lube oil and condensedliquids.

Digester GasTe Application

Anaerobic digestion involvesconverting organic materials such asanimal waste and ood processing

waste into what is known as digestergas, or biogas. Te waste material isput into an airtight container, called adigester, where temperature, pH levelsand the amount o time spent in thecontainer are closely monitored.

Te waste is then decomposed andbroken down into smaller molecules.Te decomposed matter is convertedto organic acids.

Finally, the acids are converted todigester gas. Te gas can then be usedas an energy source or various processcomponents such as engines and

turbines, or can be stored or utureuse.

Te ProblemOnce the waste material has beenplaced in the digester, mixed andconverted to gas, the resultant gas

will contain impurities generatedby and let over rom the actualdigestion process. Tis includes water,condensed gas liquids, hydrocarbonsand acid gas that must be removedprior to transport or use or storage.Unltered gas will lead to:

Compressor damage

Fouling of gas scrubbers, valves

and other instrumentation

equipment

Te SolutionTe gas coming o o the digestershould be ltered prior to entering agas receiver to eliminate contaminantsgenerated by digestion. Gas leavingtreatment should be ltered to removeany liquids carried over rom theprocess. A coalescing lter is alsorecommended ater compression toget rid o any compressor oils that maybe transported downstream.

Parkers Parkers



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Alternative Fuels - Fuel DispensingTe ApplicationCompressed Natural Gas (CNG) isa leading alternative to traditionaluel or the automotive industry.CNG is used in passenger vehicles,

pickup trucks, in transit and onschool buses. It is less expensivethan diesel or petroleum and is moreenvironmentally riendly it reducesthe amount o carbon monoxide,carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon

vehicle exhaust emissions.

Natural gas is gathered rom a pipelineand travels to a connecting compressorstation. Te gas is elevated to pressuresranging rom 138 barg up to 345 barg

and the resultant CNG is stored inlarge tanks. Te CNG then makes itsway to a gas dispenser where it is readyor use in natural gas vehicles.

Te ProblemCNG is prone to the same types ocontamination that is present intraditional uels solids that collectduring handling, water that condenses

in tanks and compressor lube oils thatcarry over into the CNG stream. Duringits transport to the dispenser, the CNG

will also have contaminants that aregenerated within the delivery system.Tis leads to:

Compressor fouling

Vehicle fuel system repair

Liquids in storage tanks

Gas dispenser replacement

Te ApplicationEf cient operation o a CNG vehiclerequires protection o the uel systemto prevent premature ailing o the uelinjectors and precision components.Te gas is dispensed rom the llingstation to the vehicle uel tank, nallyentering the uel injection system.

Alternative Fuels - On Board Applications

Te ProblemContaminants such as lube oilcarryover rom compressors,condensed liquids in uel tanks andsolids buildup during gas handlingcontributes to:

System downtime

Component repair and failure Increased maintenance costs

Te SolutionFiltration is the key to guardingagainst damaging contaminants thatcould ruin the uel system. Installinga coalescer upstream o the highpressure regulator extends the systemslie and reduces maintenance costs.

A low pressure lter can also beused downstream o the regulator toprotect other uel injection systemcomponents.

Te SolutionInstalling a lower pressure particulatelter beore the compressor station

will remove pipe scale to preventcompressor damage. Beore the gas

is transported rom storage to thedispenser, pre-ltration o the gas withtwo-stage coalescing will eliminatesolids, oil and water generated duringunderground transit.

For extra protection, a high ef ciencycoalescer should be placed at thegas dispenser to protect sensitivedispenser metering equipment andprevent oil rom making its way intothe vehicle.

Parkers

ZJ-Series

CNG Gas

Dispenser

High Pressure

Coalescer

Low Pressure

Coalescer

Fuel Injection

System


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Filters for Natural Gas Applications

Parker oers an array o lters sizedto handle natural gas ows to 228, 204Nm3/ hr and several media choices tomeet natural gas application demands.PED compliant lter housings areconstructed rom carbon steel orstainless steel.

Choices o lter media types includeglass bre or coalescing liquids,cellulose or particulate removal and

activated carbon materials or oilvapour and hydrocarbon removal.Filter element ratings are availablerom 100 micron down to 0.01 micron.

Pressures to 350 bar

Coalescing, particulate and

adsorption elements available

Connections to DN200

Flows from 1429 Nm3/hr -

228,204 Nm3/hr

Temperatures to 232C

Optional indicators, gauges,

drains and ATEX approval

Design: PED

Available Options: High

Temperature, High Pressure,All Stainless Construction

Media types available: C

(grades 4, 6 and 10), 7CVP, 3P, A

& 100WS (See opposite page)

ZJ-SeriesZA-Series

Pressure rating 16 to 100 barg

Flanges to DN200

100% retention of 1 micron

droplets and liquids

PED Compliant

ATEX approved option avaliable

Gas dispensing filter

1/2 - 2 Line Size

Pressure Rating 350 bar

PED compliant

ATEX approved option avaliable

For more detailed information on these product lines, please see Catalogue S3.2.206

PED Compliant Vessels

FFC-Series

On board alternative fuel filter

ECER110 Approval on request

- Standard Governing CNG

components

Complete removal of solid

particles, condensed water and

oils

Protection of Fuel Injectors and

other precision components

Reduce maintenance and

extend equipment life

Alternative FuelsNatural Gas

High Pressure Low Pressure


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Parker knows that no two constructionprojects are the same, but we alsounderstand that owners, engineeringhouses and contractors ace similarissues around the world.

By involving us at the earliest possiblestage o your project, we can deliverFiltration and Separation solutionsthat out-perorm in critical areas, suchas cost-eective logistics, the most

appropriate product selection, andcommercial agreements that add valueby being simpler, clearer and as ar-reaching as you want them to be.

By partnering with Parker at an earlystage o your project you can be sureo:

The lowest overall cost

A safe, reliable, quality system

Global availability and support

The best technical solution

Parker Filtration and Separation - themost complete and exible oeringavailable today.

Global Company, Local SupportParker is the leader in motion and control, partnering with itscustomers to increase their productivity and profitability.

With an annual turnover o over $10

billion and 57

,000 employees Parkermeasures its success by what it doesor you.

Guided by a relentless drive to improveyour products and processes, we bringour engineering know-how to yourapplication, wherever it may be.

From 60 sales of ces in 44 countiesaround the world Parker services 12,000distributors and 427,000 customers.

Quality ManufacturingWith over 250 manuacturing plants,Parkers manuacturing experiencespans more than hal a century.

Partnerships$10.7 Billion in Revenues900,000 Products427,000 Customers57,000 Employees12,000 Distribution/MRO

Outlets1,200 Markets287 Manuacturing

Plants125 Divisions

Our global reputation as a reliablesupplier o superior products resultsrom a ocused and integrateddevelopment and manuacturingsystem.

Tis begins with the customer identiying needs, exploringopportunities and meeting thechallenge o change.


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Your Local Authorized Parker Distributor

Parker Hannifin (UK) Ltd

Filtration and SeparationHermitage Court

Hermitage Lane

Maidstone, Kent UK

phone +44 (0) 1622 723300

fax +44 (0) 1622 728703

www.parker.com

North AmericaUnited States, Clevelandphone 216 896 3000

fax 216 896 4019

United States, Haverhillphone 978 858 0505

fax 978 858 0625

United States, Oxfordphone 248 628 6400

fax 248 628 1850

Sales Offices Worldwide

Asia PacificChina, Beijingphone +86 10 6561 0520

fax +86 10 6561 0526-7

India, Mumbai

phone +91 22 6513 7081-85fax +91 22 2768 6841

United Arab Emirates, AbuDhabiphone +971 2 6788587

fax +971 2 6793812

South AmericaArgentina, Buenos Airesphone +54 3327 44 4129

fax +54 3327 44 4199

Brazil, Jacareiphone +55 12 3955 1000

fax +55 12 3955 1010

EuropeAustria, Wiener Neustadtphone +43 2622 235010

fax +43 2622 66212

Belgium, Nivellesphone +32 67 280900

fax +32 67 280 999

Czech Republic, Klecanyphone +420 284 083 111

fax +420 284 083 112

Denmark, Ballerupphone +45 43 560400

fax +45 43 733107

Finland, Vantaaphone +358 (0) 20 753 2500

fax +358 (0)20 753 2501

France, Contamine-sur-Arvephone +33 04 50 97 87 14

fax +33 04 50 97 95 10

Germany, Kaarstphone +49 2131 4016 0

fax +49 2131 4016 9199

Hungary, Budapestphone +36 1 2204155

fax +36 1 4221525

Italy, Corsicophone +39 02 451921

fax +39 02 44 79 340

Netherlands, Oldenzaalphone +31 541 8585000

fax +31 541 585459

Norway, Berghaganphone +47 64 91 10 00

fax +47 6491 10 90

Poland, Warsawphone +48 22 57 32 400

fax +48 22 57 32 403

Spain, Madridphone +34 902 33 00 01

fax +34 91 6757711

Sweden, Spngaphone +46 8 5979 5000

fax +46 8 5979 5120

Switzerland, Genevaphone +41 22 307 7111

fax +41 22 307 7110

December 2007 / S3.2.231

s3.2.231 - natural gas brochure

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