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Scientific Method & Data Collection
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Thinking Like a Scientist§ Science is characterized by an
organized approach to learn how the natural world works
§ Scientific method: a logical approach to solving problems
Steps of the scientific method:§ Questions§ Hypothesis§ Experiment§ Observations & Data Collection§ Conclusion
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Forming a Hypothesis§ Hypothesis: a proposed explanation for the way a particular aspect of the
natural world functions; an educated guess§ A good hypothesis must…
§ Simple & clear§ Predicts an outcome§ Must be testable
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Designing a Controlled Experiment§ Variable: factor in the experiment that is being tested§ A controlled experiment = only one variable is changed
at a time§ Comparison between a control group with an
experimental group§ Identical except for one factor§ The experimental group shows the effect of the
variable that is being tested§ The control group remains constant/unchanged;
serves as the comparison
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Variables in an experiment§ Independent variable: the factor in an experiment that
is changed§ Always on the x-axis of a graph
§ Dependent variable: the factor in an experiment that is measured or observed§ Always on the y-axis of a graph
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Observing & Collecting Data
§ Observations = the use of the senses to obtain information§ 2 types of observations:
§ Quantitative = numbers are obtained by counting or measuring
§ Qualitative = descriptive; involve characteristics that cannot be counted
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31 inces (78 cm)75 lbs (34 kg)7 yrs old1 dog
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Good vs. Bad ConclusionsGood conclusions…
ü Answer the question(s)ü Restate the hypothesis (were
you correct or not?)ü Mention any possible areas of
error
§ Bad conclusion examples:§ This activity was interesting and fun.§ We worked well as a team to solve the problem.§ This lab was hard and I didn’t get it.§ IDK
Drawing Conclusions§ The evidence from the experiment is used to
determine if the hypothesis is proven or disproven