Seed sourcing and genetic aspects
in restoration in Thailand
Suwan TangmitcharoenForest Research and Development Bureau,Royal Forest [email protected],
Presentation for Capacity-building workshop for selected sub-regions of Asia on the restoration of forest and other ecosystems ,Bangkok, THAILANDJune 30, 2016
www.forest.go.th
OUTLINE OF THE PRESENTATION
Introduction
Genetic diversity of some important native species
Seed source and Classification
Lesson learned from experiences
Approaches under Climate Changes: Options for future management
52.60%
15.02%32.86%
22.18%
23.97% North
North-east
Central
East
South
Forest cover in Thailand
Year 2014
32.62% of the country area
102,285,400 sq.km.
Major Forest Conservation Areas in Thailand in 2014
Source: Department of National Park ,Wildlife and Plant Conservation (2014)
59.25%
35.18%
4.10%
1.39%0.05%
0.04%
National Park
Wildlife Sanctuary
Non-Hunting Area
Forest Park
Botanical Garden
Arboretum
FOREST AREA
Protected Forest Economic Forest
The target is to bring the forest
cover to 40% of the country area
15% of the country area25% of the country area
Forest Biodiversity of Thailand
Flora : 10,000
Fern : 658
Orchid: 1,140
Number of species
Mammals: 302
Birds : 928
Reptiles: 350
Amphibians: 137
Fresh Water Fishes : 720
Marine Fishes : 2,100
Source: Thailand National Report on the Implementation of convention on Biological Diversity (Report on 2009)
8%
of
the
wo
rld
flo
ra &
fa
un
a
> 2,000 species of Flora & Fauna endemic only to THAILAND
Top Priority Species on
Forest Genetic Resources of Thailand
Dalbergia cochinchinensis
Afzelia xylocarpa
Dipterocarpus alatus
Hopea odorata
Pterocarpus macrocarpus
Tectona grandis
Sour: *Chantragoon et al., (2012)
Genetic Conservation
First Era: tree introduction, species trail,botanical garden)
Second Era: tree breeding (provenance trails, progeny test)
Third Era: Linked with breeding & biotechnology – DNA Molecular)
(Soekotjo 2001)
Genetic Diversity of Siammese Rosewood (Dalbergia cochinchinensis)
Geographic distribution can be categorized
into 2 groups
Yooyuen (2012)Soonhuae (1994)
Graudal et al. 1997
Teak Seed Zone
(Genecological Zones)
Tectona grandis
Geographical grouping
of teak populations in
Thailand based on the
results of the DNA
structure analysis
identified 6 regions
and 1 admixture zone
Saichat Pongkrawee & Hugo
Volkeart,
In preparation
Sources of Seeds
• Difficult access
• Difficult seed collection
• More expensiveseed collection
Natural
• Easy access
• Easy collection
• Cheaper
Plantation (Improve genetic materials)
Seed Source Classification
1. Seed Orchard
2. Provenance Seed Stand
3. Seed Production Area
4. Selected Stand
5. Identified Stand
6. Seed Collection Zone
1.3 การจําแนกแหล่งเมลด็พนัธุ์ไม้ป่า(ต่อ)
Quality
Seed Source Classification
3. SELECTED STAND
4. SEED PRODUCTION AREA
5. PROVENANCE SEED STAND
6. SEED ORCHARD
1. SEED COLLECTION ZONE
2. IDENTIFIED STAND
Development of Seed SourceAcacia auriculiformis
BEFORE Tree Improvement
AFTER Tree Improvement
Seed orchard
Teak Seed Orchard
chiengrai
khonkaen Lampang
chantaburi
Seed Orchard of
33 year-oldPinus caribaea
Chiengmai
Plus tree (selected tree, superior tree)
Plus tree Section and Seed Source Survey for Siamese Rose wood
(Dalbergia cochinchinesis)
Plus tree Section and Seed Source Survey for Siamese Rose wood
(Dalbergia cochinchinesis)
Some challenged seeding technique (applied recently)
ShootingParamotor
Photo taken:18 June 2016
seed ball
difficult terrain
Lesson learned from experience
o Seed source from (improved) plantation is better than from natural forest.
o Breeding strategies of (each) species should be developed.
o Biotechnology help to enhance effectiveness and speed up of improved seed source establishment.
o Seed exchange is necessary for effective genetic test.
Approaches under
Climate Changes: Options
for future managemento Develop specific breeding program
(well adapted to changing environment)
o Ensuring quantity and quality of seed sources
o Establish static conservation (Cryopreservation, cold storage freeze
preservation of vegetative part) to preserve
improved genetic materials
Development of cryopreservation techniques for
Rosewood (Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre)
Development of cryopreservation techniques for long-term in vitro conservation of Siamese
Rosewood (Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre)
Keep the shoots in Liquid
nitrogen (-196 celcius)
Shoots from
tissue culture
RFD
Thank you for your attention