Seed sourcing and genetic aspects

in restoration in Thailand

Suwan TangmitcharoenForest Research and Development Bureau,Royal Forest Departmentsuwantang@hotmail.com,

Presentation for Capacity-building workshop for selected sub-regions of Asia on the restoration of forest and other ecosystems ,Bangkok, THAILANDJune 30, 2016

www.forest.go.th

OUTLINE OF THE PRESENTATION

Introduction

Genetic diversity of some important native species

Seed source and Classification

Lesson learned from experiences

Approaches under Climate Changes: Options for future management

52.60%

15.02%32.86%

22.18%

23.97% North

North-east

Central

East

South

Forest cover in Thailand

Year 2014

32.62% of the country area

102,285,400 sq.km.

Major Forest Conservation Areas in Thailand in 2014

Source: Department of National Park ,Wildlife and Plant Conservation (2014)

59.25%

35.18%

4.10%

1.39%0.05%

0.04%

National Park

Wildlife Sanctuary

Non-Hunting Area

Forest Park

Botanical Garden

Arboretum

FOREST AREA

Protected Forest Economic Forest

The target is to bring the forest

cover to 40% of the country area

15% of the country area25% of the country area

Forest Biodiversity of Thailand

Flora : 10,000

Fern : 658

Orchid: 1,140

Number of species

Mammals: 302

Birds : 928

Reptiles: 350

Amphibians: 137

Fresh Water Fishes : 720

Marine Fishes : 2,100

Source: Thailand National Report on the Implementation of convention on Biological Diversity (Report on 2009)

8%

of

the

wo

rld

flo

ra &

fa

un

a

> 2,000 species of Flora & Fauna endemic only to THAILAND

Top Priority Species on

Forest Genetic Resources of Thailand

Dalbergia cochinchinensis

Afzelia xylocarpa

Dipterocarpus alatus

Hopea odorata

Pterocarpus macrocarpus

Tectona grandis

Sour: *Chantragoon et al., (2012)

Genetic Conservation

First Era: tree introduction, species trail,botanical garden)

Second Era: tree breeding (provenance trails, progeny test)

Third Era: Linked with breeding & biotechnology – DNA Molecular)

(Soekotjo 2001)

Genetic Diversity of Siammese Rosewood (Dalbergia cochinchinensis)

Geographic distribution can be categorized

into 2 groups

Yooyuen (2012)Soonhuae (1994)

Graudal et al. 1997

Teak Seed Zone

(Genecological Zones)

Tectona grandis

Geographical grouping

of teak populations in

Thailand based on the

results of the DNA

structure analysis

identified 6 regions

and 1 admixture zone

Saichat Pongkrawee & Hugo

Volkeart,

In preparation

Sources of Seeds

• Difficult access

• Difficult seed collection

• More expensiveseed collection

Natural

• Easy access

• Easy collection

• Cheaper

Plantation (Improve genetic materials)

Seed Source Classification

1. Seed Orchard

2. Provenance Seed Stand

3. Seed Production Area

4. Selected Stand

5. Identified Stand

6. Seed Collection Zone

1.3 การจําแนกแหล่งเมลด็พนัธุ์ไม้ป่า(ต่อ)

Quality

Seed Source Classification

3. SELECTED STAND

4. SEED PRODUCTION AREA

5. PROVENANCE SEED STAND

6. SEED ORCHARD

1. SEED COLLECTION ZONE

2. IDENTIFIED STAND

Development of Seed SourceAcacia auriculiformis

BEFORE Tree Improvement

AFTER Tree Improvement

Seed orchard

Teak Seed Orchard

chiengrai

khonkaen Lampang

chantaburi

Seed Orchard of

33 year-oldPinus caribaea

Chiengmai

Plus tree (selected tree, superior tree)

Plus tree Section and Seed Source Survey for Siamese Rose wood

(Dalbergia cochinchinesis)

Plus tree Section and Seed Source Survey for Siamese Rose wood

(Dalbergia cochinchinesis)

Some challenged seeding technique (applied recently)

ShootingParamotor

Photo taken:18 June 2016

seed ball

difficult terrain

Lesson learned from experience

o Seed source from (improved) plantation is better than from natural forest.

o Breeding strategies of (each) species should be developed.

o Biotechnology help to enhance effectiveness and speed up of improved seed source establishment.

o Seed exchange is necessary for effective genetic test.

Approaches under

Climate Changes: Options

for future managemento Develop specific breeding program

(well adapted to changing environment)

o Ensuring quantity and quality of seed sources

o Establish static conservation (Cryopreservation, cold storage freeze

preservation of vegetative part) to preserve

improved genetic materials

Development of cryopreservation techniques for

Rosewood (Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre)

Development of cryopreservation techniques for long-term in vitro conservation of Siamese

Rosewood (Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre)

Keep the shoots in Liquid

nitrogen (-196 celcius)

Shoots from

tissue culture

RFD

Thank you for your attention