SEEG BrazilEnergy
+
Industrial Processes and Product Use
David Shiling Tsai
About Instituto de Energia e Meio Ambiente (IEMA)
IEMA = Institute for Energy and the Environment
Brazilian non-profit since 2006, located in Sao Paulo
Targets: Air Pollution, Urban Mobility and GHG emissions
Focus: Energy, Transport, Air Quality Monitoring, Technical Knowledge, Public Policies
Member of Brazilian NGO network for Climate Change “Observatório do Clima”
Funders: Hewlett, LARCI, Oak, Mott, Avina
About Instituto de Energia e Meio Ambiente (IEMA)
IEMA = Institute for Energy and the Environment
Brazilian non-profit since 2006, located in Sao Paulo
Targets: Air Pollution, Urban Mobility and GHG emissions
Focus: Energy, Transport, Air Quality Monitoring, Technical Knowledge, Public Policies
Member of Brazilian NGO network for Climate Change “Observatório do Clima”
Funders: Hewlett, LARCI, Oak, Mott, Avina
Scope of GHG emissions estimation for Energy and IPPU
Energy IPPU
Fuel combustion• By fuel type• By activity
Fugitive emissions• Oil and Gas• Coal
Industrial processes*• Production of metals• Production of minerals• Production of chemicals
Product use• HFCs• SF6 for electric equipment• Non-energy use of fuels and solventes
*Includes fuel used as chemical reductionagent! (e.g. coke for iron and steel)
0
100
200
300
400
5001
97
0
19
73
19
76
19
79
19
82
19
85
19
88
19
91
19
94
19
97
20
00
20
03
20
06
20
09
20
12
MtC
O2e
GHG emissions for Energy and IPPU: main results
CO2e emissions from Energy
N2O 2%CH4 2%
CO2 96%
0
20
40
60
80
100
1201
99
01
99
11
99
21
99
31
99
41
99
51
99
61
99
71
99
81
99
92
00
02
00
12
00
22
00
32
00
42
00
52
00
62
00
72
00
82
00
92
01
02
01
12
01
22
01
3
MtC
O2e
GHG emissions for Energy and IPPU: main results
CO2e emissions from IPPU
HFCs 13%
CH4 1%
CO2 85%
N2O 1%
GHG emissions for Energy and IPPU: main results
Industry175 Mt (32%)
2013 TOTAL: 549 MtCO2e
Transport212 Mt (39%)
Electricity generation67 Mt (12%)
Fuel production 51 Mt (9%)
Agriculture 18 Mt (3%)Residencial + commercial + public 26 Mt (5%)
Coal 26 Mt (5%)
Natural gas 75 Mt (14%)
Oil 322 Mt (58%)
Biomass* 17 Mt (3%)
IPPU 99 Mt (18%)
Gas and oil fugitive emissions 10 Mt (2%)
*Includes CH4 and N2O emissions related to mixed fuels (Biodiesel+diesel and gasoline+ethanol)
0
50
100
150
200
2501
97
0
19
73
19
76
19
79
19
82
19
85
19
88
19
91
19
94
19
97
20
00
20
03
20
06
20
09
20
12
MtC
O2e
0
50
100
150
200
2501
97
0
19
73
19
76
19
79
19
82
19
85
19
88
19
91
19
94
19
97
20
00
20
03
20
06
20
09
20
12
MtC
O2e
GHG emissions for Energy and IPPU: main results
Transport
Industry (energy use only)
Electricity generationFuel production
0
50
100
150
200
2501
97
0
19
73
19
76
19
79
19
82
19
85
19
88
19
91
19
94
19
97
20
00
20
03
20
06
20
09
20
12
MtC
O2e
0
50
100
150
200
2501
97
0
19
73
19
76
19
79
19
82
19
85
19
88
19
91
19
94
19
97
20
00
20
03
20
06
20
09
20
12
MtC
O2e
GHG emissions for Energy and IPPU: main results
Transport
Industry (energy use + IPPU)
Industry (energy use only)
Electricity generationFuel production
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1001
97
0
19
73
19
76
19
79
19
82
19
85
19
88
19
91
19
94
19
97
20
00
20
03
20
06
20
09
20
12
%Electricity matrix by primary source, 1970-2013
GHG emissions for Energy and IPPU: main results
Nuclear3%
Coal 3%
Oil5%
Natural gas12%
Hydro66%
Wind1%
Biomass and waste10%
China
EUA
Índia
Rússia
Japão
Alemanha
Coreia do Sul
CanadáIran
Reino Unido
Arábia Saudita
México
Indonésia
Itália
Austrália
França
África do Sul
Polônia Taiwan
Espanha
Ucrânia
Turquia
Tailândia
Cazaquistão HolandaMalásia
Venezuela
EgitoArgentina
Emirados Árabes Unidos
Paquistão
Vietnã
República Tcheca
Bélgica
IraqueUzbequistão
Algéria
Kuwait
Grécia
Filipinas
Romênia
Chile
Áustria
IsraelBielorrússia
Catar
Coreia do Norte
Singapura
Finlândia
1
10
100
1.000
10.000
10 100 1.000 10.000
Emis
sõe
sd
e C
O2
pe
laq
ue
ima
de
co
mb
ust
íve
isp
ara
a ge
raçã
od
e
ele
tric
idad
e(M
tCO
2)
Geração de eletricidade (TWh)
Emissões de CO2 pela queima de combustíveis para a geração de eletricidade vs. eletricidade produzida
GHG emissions for Energy and IPPU: main results
CO2 emissions vs. generated electricity, 2010MtCO2
TWh
Brasil 1990-2012
Emissions from fuel combustion, 2010
GHG emissions for Energy and IPPU: main results
Oil36%
Coal43%
Natural gas21%
World (Source: IEA, 2012)
Oil77%
Other1%
Coal7%
Natural gas15%
Brazil
Methodology for estimating GHG emissions from Energy
Primaryenergysources
Secondaryenergysources
Enduser
Coal
Etc.
Gasolina
Natural gas
(dry)
Diesel oil
Etc. Etc.
Agriculture
OilRoad
transport
Power plants
Iron and
steel industry
CO2 estimation by
bottom-up approach
...
...
...
Natural gas
(wet)
Methodology for estimating GHG emissions from Energy
Primaryenergysources
Secondaryenergysources
Enduser
Endusetype
Coal
Etc.
Gasolina
Natural gas
(dry)
Diesel oil
Etc. Etc.
Agriculture
OilPassenger car
age X
Kiln
Boiler
Etc.
Road
transport
Power plants
Iron and
steel industry
CO2 estimation by
bottom-up approach
HDV Euro V
Other GHG estimation
by bottom-up approach
...
...
...
...
Natural gas
(wet)
Methodology for estimating GHG emissions from Energy
National Energy Balance
(49 x 47 Matrix)FUEL FLOWS BY SECTOR
Organize into database
Fuel flows (database)
Select and adapt flows into SEEG
categories
Fuel use by activity levels
(database)
Emissions calculation
National Useful Energy Balance
FUEL CONSUMPTION BY
END USE
Organize into database and
solve data gaps
Coefficients for fuel final use(database)
JoinActivity data(database)
GHG National Inventories
EMISSION FACTORS
Emission factors database
Organize into database
Results
Main course of data handling
Methodology for estimating GHG emissions from Energy
Type of emissions Energy source Activity - levels 1 and 2 Activity - level 3 Scope
Coke (from coal) Transport
Coke (from oil) Air Airplanes
Natural gas (dry) Water Ships
Natural gas (wet) Rail Locomotives
Gasoline A Passenger cars
Gasoline C Motorcycles
Gasoline (aviation) Road Light commercial vehicles
LPG Trucks
Nafta Buses
Fuel oil
Diesel oil Electricity generation Public electricity stations
Kerosene (aviation)
Kerosene (lighting) Agriculture
Coal 3100
Ethanol (hydrated) Industry
Sugarcane bagasse Iron and steel Final energy consumption
Biogas ...
Charcoal
Wood ...
...
Fuel production
Oil and gas Oil and gas exploration
Oil Oil refining
Gas Natural gas transportation
Coal Coal production
...
Charcoal production Charcoal kilns
Bunker emissions
Fugitive enissions
Emissions from
fuel combustion
National emissions
Autogeneration electricity
stations
Methodology for estimating GHG emissions from Energy
Spreadsheet
Methodology for estimating GHG emissions from IPPU
Methodology for estimating GHG emissions from IPPU
Synter Pig iron
SteelIron ore
Fe2O3
CO2
Kiln(reduction, combustion
and decarbonation)
CO2
Steel mill(oxygen blowing)
CO2
Syntering(reduction,
combustion)
Carbonates(melters)
Coke (coal) Scrap-iron
Charcoal
Iron and steel
𝑪𝑶𝟐 𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏𝐬 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐟𝐮𝐞𝐥 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐮𝐦𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 = 𝑭𝒖𝒆𝒍 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒑𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∗ 𝑬𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 − 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∗ 𝑪𝒂𝒓𝒃𝒐𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒊𝒏 𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒍
𝑪𝑶𝟐 𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏𝐬 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐮𝐦𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 = 𝑪𝒂𝒓𝒃𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒑𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∗ 𝑬𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓
𝑶𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒈𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒔 𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 = 𝑭𝒖𝒆𝒍 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒑𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∗ 𝑶𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒈𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒔 𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒔
Methodology for estimating GHG emissions from IPPU
Cement
𝑪𝑶𝟐 𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏𝐬 = 𝑪𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∗ 𝒄𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒌𝒆𝒓 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒊𝒏 𝒄𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 ∗ 𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒂𝒎𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒌𝒆𝒓
Kiln
CarbonatesCaCO3 , MgCO3
ClinkerCaO , MgO
Al2O3, SiO2, Fe2O3
Oil coke
CO2
Decarbonation CementGrinding
Plaster
CO2Combustion
Heat
(Accounted by Energy)
AdditivesClay and other
Methodology for estimating GHG emissions from IPPU
Spreadsheet