seeg brazil - vasudha foundation brazil energy + industrial ... kiln (reduction, combustion and...

SEEG BrazilEnergy

+

Industrial Processes and Product Use

David Shiling Tsai

About Instituto de Energia e Meio Ambiente (IEMA)

IEMA = Institute for Energy and the Environment

Brazilian non-profit since 2006, located in Sao Paulo

Targets: Air Pollution, Urban Mobility and GHG emissions

Focus: Energy, Transport, Air Quality Monitoring, Technical Knowledge, Public Policies

Member of Brazilian NGO network for Climate Change “Observatório do Clima”

Funders: Hewlett, LARCI, Oak, Mott, Avina

Scope of GHG emissions estimation for Energy and IPPU

Energy IPPU

Fuel combustion• By fuel type• By activity

Fugitive emissions• Oil and Gas• Coal

Industrial processes*• Production of metals• Production of minerals• Production of chemicals

Product use• HFCs• SF6 for electric equipment• Non-energy use of fuels and solventes

*Includes fuel used as chemical reductionagent! (e.g. coke for iron and steel)

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GHG emissions for Energy and IPPU: main results

CO2e emissions from Energy

N2O 2%CH4 2%

CO2 96%

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CO2e emissions from IPPU

HFCs 13%

CH4 1%

CO2 85%

N2O 1%


Industry175 Mt (32%)

2013 TOTAL: 549 MtCO2e

Transport212 Mt (39%)

Electricity generation67 Mt (12%)

Fuel production 51 Mt (9%)

Agriculture 18 Mt (3%)Residencial + commercial + public 26 Mt (5%)

Coal 26 Mt (5%)

Natural gas 75 Mt (14%)

Oil 322 Mt (58%)

Biomass* 17 Mt (3%)

IPPU 99 Mt (18%)

Gas and oil fugitive emissions 10 Mt (2%)

*Includes CH4 and N2O emissions related to mixed fuels (Biodiesel+diesel and gasoline+ethanol)

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Transport

Industry (energy use only)

Electricity generationFuel production

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Transport

Industry (energy use + IPPU)

Industry (energy use only)

Electricity generationFuel production

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%Electricity matrix by primary source, 1970-2013


Nuclear3%

Coal 3%

Oil5%

Natural gas12%

Hydro66%

Wind1%

Biomass and waste10%

China

EUA

Índia

Rússia

Japão

Alemanha

Coreia do Sul

CanadáIran

Reino Unido

Arábia Saudita

México

Indonésia

Itália

Austrália

França

África do Sul

Polônia Taiwan

Espanha

Ucrânia

Turquia

Tailândia

Cazaquistão HolandaMalásia

Venezuela

EgitoArgentina

Emirados Árabes Unidos

Paquistão

Vietnã

República Tcheca

Bélgica

IraqueUzbequistão

Algéria

Kuwait

Grécia

Filipinas

Romênia

Chile

Áustria

IsraelBielorrússia

Catar

Coreia do Norte

Singapura

Finlândia

1

10

100

1.000

10.000

10 100 1.000 10.000

Emis

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tCO

2)

Geração de eletricidade (TWh)

Emissões de CO2 pela queima de combustíveis para a geração de eletricidade vs. eletricidade produzida


CO2 emissions vs. generated electricity, 2010MtCO2

TWh

Brasil 1990-2012

Emissions from fuel combustion, 2010


Oil36%

Coal43%

Natural gas21%

World (Source: IEA, 2012)

Oil77%

Other1%

Coal7%

Natural gas15%

Brazil

Methodology for estimating GHG emissions from Energy

Primaryenergysources

Secondaryenergysources

Enduser

Coal

Etc.

Gasolina

Natural gas

(dry)

Diesel oil

Etc. Etc.

Agriculture

OilRoad

transport

Power plants

Iron and

steel industry

CO2 estimation by

bottom-up approach

...

...

...

Natural gas

(wet)


Primaryenergysources

Secondaryenergysources

Enduser

Endusetype

Coal

Etc.

Gasolina

Natural gas

(dry)

Diesel oil

Etc. Etc.

Agriculture

OilPassenger car

age X

Kiln

Boiler

Etc.

Road

transport

Power plants

Iron and

steel industry

CO2 estimation by

bottom-up approach

HDV Euro V

Other GHG estimation

by bottom-up approach

...

...

...

...

Natural gas

(wet)


National Energy Balance

(49 x 47 Matrix)FUEL FLOWS BY SECTOR

Organize into database

Fuel flows (database)

Select and adapt flows into SEEG

categories

Fuel use by activity levels

(database)

Emissions calculation

National Useful Energy Balance

FUEL CONSUMPTION BY

END USE

Organize into database and

solve data gaps

Coefficients for fuel final use(database)

JoinActivity data(database)

GHG National Inventories

EMISSION FACTORS

Emission factors database

Organize into database

Results

Main course of data handling


Type of emissions Energy source Activity - levels 1 and 2 Activity - level 3 Scope

Coke (from coal) Transport

Coke (from oil) Air Airplanes

Natural gas (dry) Water Ships

Natural gas (wet) Rail Locomotives

Gasoline A Passenger cars

Gasoline C Motorcycles

Gasoline (aviation) Road Light commercial vehicles

LPG Trucks

Nafta Buses

Fuel oil

Diesel oil Electricity generation Public electricity stations

Kerosene (aviation)

Kerosene (lighting) Agriculture

Coal 3100

Ethanol (hydrated) Industry

Sugarcane bagasse Iron and steel Final energy consumption

Biogas ...

Charcoal

Wood ...

...

Fuel production

Oil and gas Oil and gas exploration

Oil Oil refining

Gas Natural gas transportation

Coal Coal production

...

Charcoal production Charcoal kilns

Bunker emissions

Fugitive enissions

Emissions from

fuel combustion

National emissions

Autogeneration electricity

stations


Spreadsheet

Methodology for estimating GHG emissions from IPPU


Synter Pig iron

SteelIron ore

Fe2O3

CO2

Kiln(reduction, combustion

and decarbonation)

CO2

Steel mill(oxygen blowing)

CO2

Syntering(reduction,

combustion)

Carbonates(melters)

Coke (coal) Scrap-iron

Charcoal

Iron and steel

𝑪𝑶𝟐 𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏𝐬 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐟𝐮𝐞𝐥 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐮𝐦𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 = 𝑭𝒖𝒆𝒍 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒑𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∗ 𝑬𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 − 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∗ 𝑪𝒂𝒓𝒃𝒐𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒊𝒏 𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒍

𝑪𝑶𝟐 𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏𝐬 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐮𝐦𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 = 𝑪𝒂𝒓𝒃𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒑𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∗ 𝑬𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓

𝑶𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒈𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒔 𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 = 𝑭𝒖𝒆𝒍 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒑𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∗ 𝑶𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒈𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒔 𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒔


Cement

𝑪𝑶𝟐 𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏𝐬 = 𝑪𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ∗ 𝒄𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒌𝒆𝒓 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒊𝒏 𝒄𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 ∗ 𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒂𝒎𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒌𝒆𝒓

Kiln

CarbonatesCaCO3 , MgCO3

ClinkerCaO , MgO

Al2O3, SiO2, Fe2O3

Oil coke

CO2

Decarbonation CementGrinding

Plaster

CO2Combustion

Heat

(Accounted by Energy)

AdditivesClay and other


Spreadsheet

Please let me know if I can be helpful!

[email protected]+55 11 3476 2850

mailto:[email protected]

seeg brazil - vasudha foundation brazil energy + industrial ... kiln (reduction, combustion and...

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