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Seismic Evidence of
Vertical Fluid Migration Through Faults
Applications of Chimney and Fault Detection
Roar Heggland
Statoil
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Seismic Examples
Features Associated with Gas Seepage
Gas Seepage From Faults
Chimney and Fault Detection
Charging of Reservoirs Through Faults
Chimneys Above Hydrocarbon Filled Reservoirs
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1 km
0.3
0.5
Chimneys
Timeslice Seabed
120 ms 120 ms
3D Seismic Data, Danish North Sea
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High Resolution Sparker, Danish North Sea
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Carbonate Mounds
1 km
1.0
0.5
3D Seismic Section, Danish North Sea
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Carbonate Mounds
Erosion
1 km
700 ms
0.7
1.0
1.5
3D Seismic, Composite Display, Danish North Sea
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Carbonate Mounds
Erosion
1 km
700 ms
3D Seismic, Timeslice, Danish North Sea
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Carbonate Mounds
1 km
1.0
0.5
0.7
3D Seismic Section, Dansih North Sea
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0.8
Depressions
1.0
0.5
1 km3D Seismic Section, Danish North Sea
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1 km
700 ms
Depressions
3D Seismic, Timeslice, Danish North Sea
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NIGERIA
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3D Seismic, Nigeria
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5 km
Mud Volcano
Pockmarks
3D Seismic, Azimuth Map, Seabed, Nigeria
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1 km
0.8
1.0
Amplitude Map3D Seismic Section, Nigeria
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5 km
Mud Volcano
Pockmarks
3D Seismic, Azimuth Map, Seabed, Nigeria
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5 km
Mud Volcano
3D Seismic, Amplitude Map, Seabed, Nigeria
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5 km
Mud Volcano
3D Seismic, Amplitude Map, Seabed, Nigeria
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1 km3D Seismic Section, Nigeria
1.0
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1 km3D Seismic, Amplitude Map, Sub Seabed
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3D Seismic, Amplitude Map, Sub Seabed 1 km
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Chimney Detection
NN
Standard 3D Seismic 3D, Detected Chimneys
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Standard 3D Cube
Chimney
Chimney Cube
Neural Network
Seismic Attributes
Classification
1 km
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Standard 3D 3D, Detected Faults
Fault Detection
NN
![Page 25: Seismic Evidence of Vertical Fluid Migration Through Faults Applications of Chimney and Fault Detection Roar Heggland Statoil](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070400/56649f145503460f94c298bc/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
3D, Timeslice, Detected Faults
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Depression
1 km
Chimney
Shallow Gas
Carbonate Mounds
Diapir
Chimney ?
3D Seismic Section, Sleipner
0.5
1.0
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1 km
Carbonate Mounds0.5
1.0
Chimney ?
3D Seismic Section, Sleipner
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3D Seismic, Amplitude Map, Sleipner 1 km
Carbonate Mounds
![Page 30: Seismic Evidence of Vertical Fluid Migration Through Faults Applications of Chimney and Fault Detection Roar Heggland Statoil](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070400/56649f145503460f94c298bc/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
1 km
Standard 3D Seismic, Sleipner
0.7
1.0
Chimneys
3D, Detected Chimneys
Chimneys
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Standard 3D
5 km
0
1
2
3
Eocene Reservoir
Shallow Gas?
3D, Detected Chimneys
![Page 33: Seismic Evidence of Vertical Fluid Migration Through Faults Applications of Chimney and Fault Detection Roar Heggland Statoil](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070400/56649f145503460f94c298bc/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
5 km
250 ms
1000 ms
2000 ms
3000 ms
Jurassic Faults
Eocene Reservoir
Chimneys
Shallow Gas
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Detected Chimneys above Mapped Base Cretaceous
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Detected Chimneys above Mapped Base Cretaceous
![Page 36: Seismic Evidence of Vertical Fluid Migration Through Faults Applications of Chimney and Fault Detection Roar Heggland Statoil](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070400/56649f145503460f94c298bc/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Gas Chimney Model
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1 km
0
1
2
3X
Y
![Page 38: Seismic Evidence of Vertical Fluid Migration Through Faults Applications of Chimney and Fault Detection Roar Heggland Statoil](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070400/56649f145503460f94c298bc/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
0
1
2
3 1 km
Y
X
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1 km
0
1
2
3 1 km
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Gas Chimney Model
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1
2
3
4
2000 ms
2 km
3D Section, Detected Chimneys Timeslice, Detected Chimneys
Oil Reservoir
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1
2
3
4
520 ms
3D Section, Detected Chimneys Timeslice, Detected Chimneys2 km
Oil Reservoir
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3
4
1 km3D Gulf of Mexico
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1 km3D Gulf of Mexico
3
4
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1 km3D Gulf of Mexico
3
4
![Page 46: Seismic Evidence of Vertical Fluid Migration Through Faults Applications of Chimney and Fault Detection Roar Heggland Statoil](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070400/56649f145503460f94c298bc/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
1 km3D Gulf of Mexico
3
4
![Page 47: Seismic Evidence of Vertical Fluid Migration Through Faults Applications of Chimney and Fault Detection Roar Heggland Statoil](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070400/56649f145503460f94c298bc/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
1 km3D Gulf of Mexico
3
4
![Page 48: Seismic Evidence of Vertical Fluid Migration Through Faults Applications of Chimney and Fault Detection Roar Heggland Statoil](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070400/56649f145503460f94c298bc/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
3D Gulf of Mexico
![Page 49: Seismic Evidence of Vertical Fluid Migration Through Faults Applications of Chimney and Fault Detection Roar Heggland Statoil](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070400/56649f145503460f94c298bc/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
3D Gulf of Mexico
![Page 50: Seismic Evidence of Vertical Fluid Migration Through Faults Applications of Chimney and Fault Detection Roar Heggland Statoil](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070400/56649f145503460f94c298bc/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
3D Gulf of Mexico
![Page 51: Seismic Evidence of Vertical Fluid Migration Through Faults Applications of Chimney and Fault Detection Roar Heggland Statoil](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070400/56649f145503460f94c298bc/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
3D Gulf of Mexico
![Page 52: Seismic Evidence of Vertical Fluid Migration Through Faults Applications of Chimney and Fault Detection Roar Heggland Statoil](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070400/56649f145503460f94c298bc/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
3D Gulf of Mexico
![Page 53: Seismic Evidence of Vertical Fluid Migration Through Faults Applications of Chimney and Fault Detection Roar Heggland Statoil](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070400/56649f145503460f94c298bc/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
1 km3D Gulf of Mexico
![Page 54: Seismic Evidence of Vertical Fluid Migration Through Faults Applications of Chimney and Fault Detection Roar Heggland Statoil](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070400/56649f145503460f94c298bc/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
1 km3D Gulf of Mexico
![Page 55: Seismic Evidence of Vertical Fluid Migration Through Faults Applications of Chimney and Fault Detection Roar Heggland Statoil](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070400/56649f145503460f94c298bc/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
3D Gulf of Mexico
![Page 56: Seismic Evidence of Vertical Fluid Migration Through Faults Applications of Chimney and Fault Detection Roar Heggland Statoil](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070400/56649f145503460f94c298bc/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
3D Gulf of Mexico
![Page 57: Seismic Evidence of Vertical Fluid Migration Through Faults Applications of Chimney and Fault Detection Roar Heggland Statoil](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070400/56649f145503460f94c298bc/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
1 km3D Gulf of Mexico
![Page 58: Seismic Evidence of Vertical Fluid Migration Through Faults Applications of Chimney and Fault Detection Roar Heggland Statoil](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070400/56649f145503460f94c298bc/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
1 km3D Gulf of Mexico
![Page 59: Seismic Evidence of Vertical Fluid Migration Through Faults Applications of Chimney and Fault Detection Roar Heggland Statoil](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070400/56649f145503460f94c298bc/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
3D Gulf of Mexico
![Page 60: Seismic Evidence of Vertical Fluid Migration Through Faults Applications of Chimney and Fault Detection Roar Heggland Statoil](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070400/56649f145503460f94c298bc/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
3D Gulf of Mexico
![Page 61: Seismic Evidence of Vertical Fluid Migration Through Faults Applications of Chimney and Fault Detection Roar Heggland Statoil](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070400/56649f145503460f94c298bc/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
1 km3D Gulf of Mexico
![Page 62: Seismic Evidence of Vertical Fluid Migration Through Faults Applications of Chimney and Fault Detection Roar Heggland Statoil](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070400/56649f145503460f94c298bc/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
3D Gulf of Mexico
![Page 63: Seismic Evidence of Vertical Fluid Migration Through Faults Applications of Chimney and Fault Detection Roar Heggland Statoil](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070400/56649f145503460f94c298bc/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Conclusions
• Chimneys Tie in to Features
Associated with Gas Seepage, Shallow
Gas Accumulations, and Deeper
Hydrocarbon Filled Reservoirs
• Chimneys can Show Possible
Hydrocarbon Pathways into
Reservoirs
• Chimneys are Observed to Tie in to
Faults or Fractures