Semantische Standards in der Öffentlichen Verwaltung in Europa
Nikolaos Loutas, Stijn GoedertierPwC EU Services
Semantic interoperability a roadblock to the realisation of the European Single
MarketSemantic standards and how can they help you e-Government Core Vocabularies DCAT Application Profile for Data Portals in Europe The Asset Description Metadata Schema Finding semantic standards on the European Federated
Interoperability RepositoryReusing semantic standardsYour feedback & questions
Slide 2
What is this talk about?
3
Semantic standards are commonly-agreed structural metadata, e.g. data models and reference data.
What is a semantic standard?
See also: V. Peristeras. Semantic Standards: Preventing Waste in the Information Industry, IEEE Intelligent Systems, July-Aug. 2013 (vol. 28 no. 4) pp. 72-75http://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/ex/2013/04/mex2013040072-abs.html
Semantic Interoperability
Slide 4
5
What is semantic interoperability?
Semantic interoperability is the ability of organisations to process information from external sources in a meaningful manner, such that the precise meaning of exchanged information is understood and preserved throughout exchanges between parties.
A plant
A plant
Source: European Interoperability Framework http://ec.europa.eu/isa/documents/isa_annex_ii_eif_en.pdf
Semantic interoperability requires consensus on semantic standards for information exchange.
Semantic interoperability is fostered by the sharing and reuse of semantic standards.
Sharing and reuse of semantic standards reduces the cost of information exchange across borders and organisations.
Slide 6
Facts
Semantic standards of the ISA Programme
Slide 7
In the context of Action 1.1 on improving semantic interoperability in European eGovernment systems (SEMIC), the ISA Programme has initiated the development of: The e-Government Core Vocabularies The DCAT Application Profile for data portals in Europe
(DCAT-AP) The Asset Description Metadata Schema (ADMS)
Slide 8
The ISA Programme on semantic standards
Visit us at http://semic.eu
All semantic standards developed by the ISA Programme were developed following a consensus building process:•Involving international Working Groups of experts;• Following a formal open process and methodology – based
on the one followed by the W3C. •Foreseeing public review periods•Re-using existing standards
Core Person, Core Location, the Registered Organization Vocabulary and ADMS were initially developed by the ISA Programme and have now been taken over by W3C – discussed in the late W3C GLD.
Source: https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/node/43160
Building agreements
Slide 9
10
Simplified, re-usable, and extensible data models that capture the fundamental characteristics of a data entity in a context-neutral fashion.
COREVOCABULARY
PUBLICSERVICE
Source: https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/node/43160Slide 10
The e-Government Core Vocabularies
3 generic use cases1. Harmonised access to base
registers (basic public service)2. Interoperable cross-border
public services (aggregate public service)
3. Interoperability of public data: making it easier to mash up public data
Slide 11Source: http://ec.europa.eu/isa/documents/isa_annex_ii_eif_en.pdf
3 representation formats
Slide 12
RDF schema
Re-uses existing RDF vocabularies
ISA Open Metadata Licence v1.1IPR
Re-uses Core Components Technical Specification (CCTS) and UBL NDR
XML schema
Conceptual modelRe-uses existing concepts in CCL, INSPIRE, etc.
Maintained by W3C (Government Linked Data Working Group)
The e-Government Core Vocabularies
• A common vocabulary for describing datasets hosted in data portals in Europe, based on the Data Catalogue vocabulary (DCAT).
• It enables cross-portal search for datasets. • As an application profile of DCAT, the DCAT-AP
• Defines mandatory, recommended an optional classes and properties
• Recommends a number of controlled vocabularies for assinging values to properties, e.g. Eurovoc for dcat:theme.
Slide 13
The DCAT-AP
Source:https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/asset/dcat_application_profile/descriptionSee also: http://www.w3.org/TR/2014/REC-vocab-dcat-20140116/
Slide 14
The DCAT-AP facilitating the development of the pan-European data portal
The DCAT-AP
• A common vocabulary for representing semantic standards
• ADMS allows public administrations, businesses, standardisation bodies and academia to:• describe semantic standards in a common way so that they
can be seamlessly cross-queried and discovered by developers from a single access point;
• keep their own system for documenting and storing semantic standards and still be interoperable with others;
• improve indexing and visibility of their own standards;• link semantic standards to one another in cross-border and
cross-sector settings.• ADMS evolved into a W3C Working Group note
based on DCAT.Slide 15
ADMS
The European Federated Interoperability Repository - capitalising on an ADMS-based collection of metadata of interoperability solutions (including semantic standards).
EXPLOREFINDIDENTIFYSELECTOBTAIN
FEDERATION
With common metadata schema
Publ
ic ad
min
istra
tions
Busin
esse
s
Stan
dard
isatio
n bo
dies
Acad
emia
repository
repository
repository
repository
repository
repository
ASSET DESCRIPTION METADATA SCHEMA
ADMS
ASSET DESCRIPTION METADATA SCHEMA
ADMS
ASSET DESCRIPTION METADATA SCHEMA
ADMS
ASSET DESCRIPTION METADATA SCHEMA
ADMS
ASSET DESCRIPTION METADATA SCHEMA
ADMS
ASSET DESCRIPTION METADATA SCHEMA
ADMS
The EFIR
Share & reuse semantic standards on EFIR
The EFIR
18
• INSPIRE data specifications• Eurovoc• Named Authority Lists• ESCO
• Discover more on EFIR! https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/catalogue/all
Other EC-driven semantic standards
Reusing semantic standards
Slide 19
Re-use by extension: 3 levels of abstraction
Slide 20
e-Documents Linked Data,e-Documents (?) e-Documents
domain models
domain vocabularies
domain schemas
Core level
Message level
Domain level
RDFS /OWL
XML Schema
Core Vocabularies
representation techniques
…
Leve
ls of
abs
tract
ion
UMLmodel
Reusing semantic standards
Example of reuse by extension: defining Patient as a subclass of Core Person
Slide 21
class Healthcare Domain
Core Vocabularies::Identifier
dateOfIssue :dateTime [0..1]identifier :string [1..1]identifierType :string [0..1]issuingAuthority :string [0..1]issuingAuthorityUri :URI [0..1]
Core Vocabularies::Person
alternativeName :stringbirthName :stringdateOfBirth :dateTimedateOfDeath :dateTimefamilyName :stringfullName :stringgender :codegivenName :stringpatronymicName :string
Core Vocabularies::Location
geographicIdentifier :URIgeographicName :string
Patient
bloodType :code
Allergy
allergensintollerancereaction
Health Problem
symptom
Core Vocabularies::Address
addressArea :stringaddressID :stringadminUnitL1 :stringadminUnitL2 :stringfullAddress :stringlocatorDesignator :stringlocatorName :stringpoBox :stringpostCode :stringpostName :stringthoroughfare :string
Core Vocabularies::Geometry
lat :stringlong :stringwkt :stringxmlGeometry :XML
Social Security Number
«enumeration»Sex
F = femaleM = maleT = totalUNK = unknownNAP = not applicable
notes(EuroStat Standard Code List)
hasAllergy
address
identifies
hasProblem
geometry
placeOfDeath
countryOfDeath
placeOfBirth
countryOfBirth
identifier
identifier
Example of reuse
OSLO: Open Standards for Local Administrations• Putting the core
vocabularies into a local context – in Flanders, Belgium.
• Local administrations need locally enriched data models and data.
Slide 22
Example of reuse
Slide 23
http://health.testproject.eu/PPP/
http://location.testproject.eu/BEL/
http://cpsv.testproject.eu/CPSV/
The ISA LOGD pilots
24
• Aims to improve the visibility and facilitate the access to datasets published on governmental Open Data portals in order to increase their reuse within and across borders by providing a single point of access to metadata descriptions of datasets homogenised using the DCAT-AP.
• Visits us at opendatasupport.eu• Benefit from our online training
service on Linked Open Government Data at training.opendatasupport.eu
Open Data Support
ODIPPan-European
Data portal
DATASUPPORTOPEN
Conclusions
Slide 25
26
Public administrations should become aware that semantic standards are an important asset for eGovernment systems development.
Public administrations should identify and document semantic standards with reuse potential for developing eGovernment systems.
Public administrations should make their semantic standards open for reuse.
Public administrations should provide their semantic standards both in human and machine-readable formats.
Conclusions
Whenever possible, definitions of semantic standards should reuse existing specifications to avoid duplication of work and overlaps.
For example, we showed how the e-Government Core Vocabularies can used in many different contexts.
• They can easily be extended and integrated with other vocabularies.
• They can be adapted to your needs and context.• The can be used both in an XML and an RDF world.
Slide 27
Conclusions
Vielen Dank!...und jetzt ihre Fragen…
Slide 28
Slide 29
Join SEMIC group on LinkedIn
Follow @SEMICeu on Twitter
Join SEMIC community on Joinup
Project Officer: [email protected]
PwC EU Services: [email protected] & [email protected]
Get involvedVisit our initiativesSOFTWARE FORGESCOMMUNITY
ADMS.SW
COREVOCABULARY
PUBLICSERVICE
Join our community
Slide 30
SEMIC 2014