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INTRODUCTION
• the kind of bacteria that can be cultivable in the laboratory represent 1% of the different species found in the environment, Because of this the researchers developed in situ cultivation techniques or using specific growth factor allowing better result with uncultured bacteria.
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
Resistance occurs by natural selection through random mutations
• Drug inactivation or modification• Alteration of target site• Alteration of metabolic pathway• Decreasing drug permeability or increasing
active efflux
TEIXOBACTIN• Teixobactin is a depsipeptide which contains
enduracididine, methylphenylalanine, and four D-amino acids produced by Eleftheria terrae
BACTERIA
• The most representative characteristics of gram – and gram + bacteria are the thick o the cellular wall, flagellum , interaction with antibiotics and the stain with Christian Gram coloration.
+ Staphylococcus aureus: folliculitis, furunculosis, deep abscesses, osteomyelitis, meningitis, sepsis, endocarditis and pneumonia.
⁻ Escherichia coli : Excretory system infections, urinary tract infections, cystitis, meningitis, peritonitis, mastitis, septicemia and pneumonia.
OBJECTIVES
• Determine the optimal conditions for growing the Eleftheria Terrae
• Identify the genetic sequence of teixobactin
• Describe the metabolic route of synthesis of Teixobactin
• Describe the mechanism of antimicrobial action on microorganisms with proven resistance to antibiotics
• Test antimicrobial efficacyTeixobactin.
METHODS
• ISOLATION AND CULTIVATION OF PRODUCING STRAINS: the purpose is to prepare an appropriate culture medium to purify later
EXTRACT PREPARATION AND SCREENING FOR ACTIVITY
• visible clearing zones indicated antibacterial activ.ity
Gavrish, E. et al. Lassomycin, a ribosomally synthesized cyclicpeptide, killsMycobacterium tuberculosis by targeting the ATP-dependentproteaseClpC1P1P2. Chem. Biol. 21, 509–518 (2014).Wilson, M. C. et al. Anenvironmentalbacterialtaxonwith a large and distinctmetabolicrepertoire. Nature 506, 58–62 (2014).Doroghazi, J. R. et al.Aroadmapfor natural product discovery based on large-scalegenomics and metabolomics. NatureChem. Biol. 10, 963–968 (2014).
IN AGREEMENT WITH THE STUDY
The authors concluded that the MO grown using this technique suitable for the development of new antibiotics
Forsberg, K. J. et al. Bacterial phylogeny structures soil resistomes across habitats.Nature 509, 612–616 (2014) IN AGREEMENT WITH
THE STUDY
Transmission of resistance by horizontal phylogeny
Conlon, B. P. et al. ActivatedClpPkillspersisters and eradicates a chronicbiofilminfection. Nature 503, 365–370 (2013)
IN AGREEMENT WITH THE STUDY
Mechanism of drug action by a non-specified protease which hydrolyses the cell wall.
Schneider, T. &Sahl, H. G. Anoldiebut a goodie—cellwallbiosynthesis asantibiotic target pathway. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 300, 161–169 (2010)
IN AGREEMENT WITH THE STUDY
Exploit the weaknesses of bacteria to develop better antibiotics less prone to development of resistance.
CONCLUSIONS
• ICHIP TECHNOLOGY WILL ALLOW NEW PROBE ON MICROORGANISMS AND NEW ANTIBIOTICS
• TEIXOBACTIN PROMISES TO BE AN ANTIBIOTIC THAT SAVED THOUSANDS OF LIVES
• IN THE OUTSIDE WORLD THERE ARE A LOT OF MICROORGANISMS THAT ARE WAITING TO BE DISCOVERED AND STUDIED REVEALING LOTS OF UTILITIES AND RELATED TO MEDICINE HELPING TO INCREASE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DRUGS TREATMENT.
• JOINING FORCES BETWEEN DOCTORS, POLITICIANS AND THE COMMUNITY IN GENERAL TRYING TO MAKE POSSIBLE DECREASES OF BACTERIAL RESISTANCE AND PREVENT DANGEROUS PATHOGENS THAT THREATENS EVERYONE