1
Supporting Information
Simple and Rapid Fabrication of Pencil-on-paper Triboelectric
Nanogenerators with Enhanced Electrical Performance
Shin Jang‡, Hyounjin Kim‡ and Je Hoon Oh*
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea.
‡ Authors with equal contribution
Figure S1. Output comparison between counter materials (PI, aluminum, and copper)
rubbed with coated and uncoated paper.
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Nanoscale.This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017
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Figure S2. (a) Working mechanism of the PP-TENG. (b) A performance example of the PP-
TENG open-circuit voltage. The inset is magnified for a single sliding process.
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
0 2 4 6 8 10
Electron movement (ⅶ)
Electron movement (ⅴ)
Coated paperPI filmPencil or copper electrode
+ + + + +- - -
+ + + + +-----
-----+ + +
-----
+
e-
e-+ + + + + -+ + + + + - - -
-----+ +
+ + + + +--
-----
+ + +
ⅰ
+ + + + +----- e-+ + + + + -----
+ +
- -ⅱ ⅲ
ⅳ
ⅴ
ⅵ
viii
ⅶ
Vol
tage
(V
)
Time (s)
Peak value
(a)
(b)
+
-
+
-
+
-
Terminal of an oscilloscope
3
Figure S3. Electric circuit for measurement of voltage and current.
4
Figure S4. (a) Schematic and experimental setup for measurement of applied force, (b)
applied force as a function of time, and (c) peak voltage of PP-TENG with respect to applied
force.
5
Figure S5. Dependence of the PP-TENG output (a) voltage and (b) current on a load
resistance while comparing three solutions and concentrations.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0.0001 0.01 1 100 1000
PVDF 0.5 wt%PVDF 1 wt%PVDF 2 wt%PVDF 3 wt%PVDF‐TrFE 0.5 wt%PVDF‐TrFE 1 wt%PVDF‐TrFE 2 wt%PVDF‐TrFE 3 wt%PMMA 0.5 wt%PMMA 1 wt%PMMA 2 wt%PMMA 3 wt%Uncoated paper
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0.00010.0010.01 0.1 1 10 100 100010000
PVDF 0.5 wt%PVDF 1 wt%PVDF 2 wt%PVDF 3 wt%PVDF‐TrFE 0.5 wt%PVDF‐TrFE 1 wt%PVDF‐TrFE 2 wt%PVDF‐TrFE 3 wt%PMMA 0.5 wt%PMMA 1 wt%PMMA 2 wt%PMMA 3 wt%Uncoated paper
Resistance of a Load (MΩ)
Pea
k vo
ltage
(V
)
Resistance of a Load (MΩ)
Pea
k cu
rren
t (μ
A)
10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103
10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103
(a)
(b)
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Figure S6. Cyclic test of the PP-TENG fabricated by using 1 wt% PVDF-TrFE solution.
0
2.5
0
-2.5
-5
5
Cur
rent
(μ
A)
40
Time (min)
7.5
-7.5
20
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Figure S7. SEM images of paper coated with PVDF, PVDF-TrFE, and PMMA solutions.
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Figure S8. (a) Schematic image of the repeating contact and separation process for PI and
each polymer. (b) Voltage profile during the contact and separation of each polymer with PI.
-80
-40
0
40
80PVDF PVDF-TrFE PMMA
Vol
tage
(V
)
Time (s)
(a)
(b)
+++++++++++
- - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - -
+++++++++++
+
-
+++++++++++- - - - - - - - - - -
+
-
e-
Copper tape
PI film
PVDF, PVDF-TrFE or PMMA
ITO glass
Terminal of an oscilloscope
0 4 0 4 0 4
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Figure S9. FTIR spectra of uncoated paper and each solution-coated paper.
500150025003500% T
rans
mitt
ance
(a.
u.)
Wavenumbers (cm-1)
Uncoated paper
PVDF coated paper
PVDF-TrFE coated paper
PMMA coated paper
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Figure S10. (a) Folding and (b) crumpling of the papers coated with 1 wt% PVDF-TrFE
solution.
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Table S1. Internal resistance of PP-TENGs.
PP-TENG without grating
PP-TENG with 4 grating units
Load resistance (RL) 10 MΩ 10 MΩ
Internal resistance of oscilloscope (RO) 10 MΩ 10 MΩ
External load (Re) 5 MΩ 5 MΩ
Output current (I) 2.6 μA 4.74 μA
Output power (P) 0.07358 mW 0.267 mW
Internal resistance of TENG (Ri)
5.88 MΩ 6.88 MΩ
