1

Supporting Information

Simple and Rapid Fabrication of Pencil-on-paper Triboelectric

Nanogenerators with Enhanced Electrical Performance

Shin Jang‡, Hyounjin Kim‡ and Je Hoon Oh*

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea.

‡ Authors with equal contribution

Figure S1. Output comparison between counter materials (PI, aluminum, and copper)

rubbed with coated and uncoated paper.

Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Nanoscale.This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017

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Figure S2. (a) Working mechanism of the PP-TENG. (b) A performance example of the PP-

TENG open-circuit voltage. The inset is magnified for a single sliding process.

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

0 2 4 6 8 10

Electron movement (ⅶ)

Electron movement (ⅴ)

Coated paperPI filmPencil or copper electrode

+ + + + +- - -

+ + + + +-----

-----+ + +

-----

+

e-

e-+ + + + + -+ + + + + - - -

-----+ +

+ + + + +--

-----

+ + +

ⅰ

+ + + + +----- e-+ + + + + -----

+ +

- -ⅱ ⅲ

ⅳ

ⅴ

ⅵ

viii

ⅶ

Vol

tage

(V

)

Time (s)

Peak value

(a)

(b)

+

-

+

-

+

-

Terminal of an oscilloscope

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Figure S3. Electric circuit for measurement of voltage and current.

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Figure S4. (a) Schematic and experimental setup for measurement of applied force, (b)

applied force as a function of time, and (c) peak voltage of PP-TENG with respect to applied

force.

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Figure S5. Dependence of the PP-TENG output (a) voltage and (b) current on a load

resistance while comparing three solutions and concentrations.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0.0001 0.01 1 100 1000

PVDF 0.5 wt%PVDF 1 wt%PVDF 2 wt%PVDF 3 wt%PVDF‐TrFE 0.5 wt%PVDF‐TrFE 1 wt%PVDF‐TrFE 2 wt%PVDF‐TrFE 3 wt%PMMA 0.5 wt%PMMA 1 wt%PMMA 2 wt%PMMA 3 wt%Uncoated paper

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0.00010.0010.01 0.1 1 10 100 100010000

PVDF 0.5 wt%PVDF 1 wt%PVDF 2 wt%PVDF 3 wt%PVDF‐TrFE 0.5 wt%PVDF‐TrFE 1 wt%PVDF‐TrFE 2 wt%PVDF‐TrFE 3 wt%PMMA 0.5 wt%PMMA 1 wt%PMMA 2 wt%PMMA 3 wt%Uncoated paper

Resistance of a Load (MΩ)

Pea

k vo

ltage

(V

)

Resistance of a Load (MΩ)

Pea

k cu

rren

t (μ

A)

10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103

10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103

(a)

(b)

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Figure S6. Cyclic test of the PP-TENG fabricated by using 1 wt% PVDF-TrFE solution.

0

2.5

0

-2.5

-5

5

Cur

rent

(μ

A)

40

Time (min)

7.5

-7.5

20

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Figure S7. SEM images of paper coated with PVDF, PVDF-TrFE, and PMMA solutions.

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Figure S8. (a) Schematic image of the repeating contact and separation process for PI and

each polymer. (b) Voltage profile during the contact and separation of each polymer with PI.

-80

-40

0

40

80PVDF PVDF-TrFE PMMA

Vol

tage

(V

)

Time (s)

(a)

(b)

+++++++++++

- - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - -

+++++++++++

+

-

+++++++++++- - - - - - - - - - -

+

-

e-

Copper tape

PI film

PVDF, PVDF-TrFE or PMMA

ITO glass

Terminal of an oscilloscope

0 4 0 4 0 4

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Figure S9. FTIR spectra of uncoated paper and each solution-coated paper.

500150025003500% T

rans

mitt

ance

(a.

u.)

Wavenumbers (cm-1)

Uncoated paper

PVDF coated paper

PVDF-TrFE coated paper

PMMA coated paper

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Figure S10. (a) Folding and (b) crumpling of the papers coated with 1 wt% PVDF-TrFE

solution.

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Table S1. Internal resistance of PP-TENGs.

PP-TENG without grating

PP-TENG with 4 grating units

Load resistance (RL) 10 MΩ 10 MΩ

Internal resistance of oscilloscope (RO) 10 MΩ 10 MΩ

External load (Re) 5 MΩ 5 MΩ

Output current (I) 2.6 μA 4.74 μA

Output power (P) 0.07358 mW 0.267 mW

Internal resistance of TENG (Ri)

5.88 MΩ 6.88 MΩ