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Social-Emotional Development
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Overview
DefinitionsTemperamental Differences in Infants The Infant’s Growing Social WorldLearning to Trust Showing Attachment
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Definitions to Know
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• Social-Emotional Development- Type of development involving a person’s disposition, interaction with people and social groups, and emotions.
• Disposition- A person’s general mood.
• Temperament- The tendency to react in a certain way to events.
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• Initiate- To begin
• Siblings- Brothers and sisters
• Mistrust- The most serious form of not trusting, which includes a lack of trust and feeling of suspicion
• Attachment- Closeness between people that remains over time
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Temperamental Differences in Infants
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• Temperament is the tendency to react in a certain way, such as in a cheery or grumpy way.
• Experts think temperament is partly inherited • It is believed that a person’s temperament may be due to
prenatal conditions and ease of birth. • A baby’s temperament often shows by two or three
months. • In many children, but not all, temperament stays the same
for years.
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Some experts rate characteristics of a baby’s
temperament. These ratings place the babies into 3 groups
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Easy
• Baby has a regular habit and routine (Eating, Sleeping)• They respond quickly to a new situation • Cheerful
Easy babies usually get off to a good start with their parents.
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Slow to Warm up
• These babies take more time to adapt to new situations
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Difficult
• Irregular in the routines and habits• They often withdraw or protest or even scream
when facing new situations• A baby can be difficult because many parents feel
like they are doing something wrong, causing them to be stressed
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Statistics
• Researchers found that:• 4 in 10 babies are slow to warm up • 1 in 10 are difficult
A few babies cannot be grouped because their temperaments vary from day to day
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The infants growing social world
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The infants growing social world
• Infants are not truly social at birth, they learn to be social. Social refers to a relationship between 2 or more people
• Social development is how other people affect the baby & how the baby affects others, by the first year it is well underway
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The infants growing social world
Interacting with others:• Babies understand social messages by the way others talk
to, look at, or hold them• They send signals through cries, coos and smiles beginning
as early as 2 weeks old• 3-6 months they get better at understanding social signals
& can distinguish between strangers & caregivers
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The infants growing social world
Interacting with adults:• Babies thrive most when they are held, talked to, cuddled,
and comforted, loving parents provide babies with their first social interactions & help their baby’s mental and social development
• When loved ones care for and show interest in babies, they learn to understand and trust others, this expands their social environment
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The infants growing social world
Interacting with children:• Babies enjoy being around siblings & other children, the
mimic them and learn from them• Older children learn to love and care for others from
infants, all children benefit from these relationships
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Learning to trust
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Learning to trust
• Erik Erikson, famous psychologist, studied trust as one aspect of personality development.
• He viewed personality as ever-changing from birth through old age. Family and other factors being major influences.
• Described personality in 8 stages that cover a persons lifespan. Each stage presents a specific developmental change for the person
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Learning to trust
• During each stage, the person faces an important task that must be met. Each task can have a positive or negative outcome.
• No one is 100% in any stage, but the more successful you are, the better.
• For infants, the first stage is the Trust VS Mistrust stage, where infants learn whether to trust you or not
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Learning to trust
• If a babies basic needs are met with consistency, then they feel the world is a good and happy place.
• Two key factors are essential in whether infants learn to trust.
1) Must trust by having a consistent environment which includes sameness routines, caregivers and surroundings
2) Having their basic needs met promptly each time, including feedings, clothing, warmth, sleep, cleanliness, cuddling, playing and communicating with others
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Showing Attachment
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Terms to Know
• Bonding• Developing a feeling of affection • Parents come to love their baby right after birth • Parents > Baby
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Terms to Know
• Attachment• Closeness between people that remain over time
• Babies whose needs are met come to love their parents. Children realize these ties after six months of age.
• Baby > Parent
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Importance of Attachment • Brain development research indicates that healthy
brain development depends on attachment • Overcoming stress throughout life is easier for those
babies who formed strong attachment early in infancy
• Babies develop an attachment to those who care for them
• Attachment is closely related to fear of strangers and fear of being left alone.
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Attachment Behaviors
• Attachment behaviors are actions one person demonstrates to another to show closeness to that person.
• Includes trying to stay close to, or clinging to the adult.
• Smiling, crying, or calling are other attachment behaviors.
• Babies who cry the loudest are not always the ones with the strongest attachment.
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• Attachment can be a good thing for an infant.
• For a healthy social-emotional development, attachment is important.
• Everyone needs to love and be loved, no matter what age.
• Attached babies tend to explore their worlds through play more than babies who are not attached.
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Cycle of Trust
• Parents meet baby’s need
• Baby is happy
• Parent is happier and more relaxed
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Cycle of Mistrust
• Parent doesn’t meet baby’s needs
• Baby is demanding and fussy; seems less loveable to parents
• Parent is unhappy and disappointed
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Development of Attachment Behaviors
Approximate Age Attachment Behavior1 month Baby can recognize familiar and
unfamiliar voices2 weeks to 2 months Baby smiles3 months Baby gives joyful movements, such as
kicks, coos, and gurgles. Baby may even laugh
4 to 5 months Baby becomes still and breathing becomes shallow when unknown people are close
7 to 8 months Baby cries when a stranger is nearby or when the baby is left alone
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Game Time