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Social Protection for Employment: Opportunities, Challenges, Innovation & Evidence – some reflections
South-South Experience Sharing Event:Designing and Implementing Social Protection Programs for
Employment9-12 May 2017
Manila, Philippines
Dr Anna McCord(Development Pathways)Research Associate, ODI
Honorary Research Fellow, University of ManchesterResearch Affiliate, SALDRU, University of Cape Town
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Summary• You rose to the challenge• Huge number of issues identified, many explored• Surprising commonality across countries and continents• A few observations and then pick out some of the themes
seemed to be of particular significance• Much to consider to ensure SP and employment responses
meet new labour market challenge • Much material for reflection:• Practical implementation issues • Instrument design issues• Broader conceptual and policy choice issues – emerge
from implementation discussions
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What have we seen and heard about…• Cash transfer programmes• Public employment programmes• Programmes which link CT/PEP beneficiaries to
training, job placement, livelihoods development, microfinance….
• Programmes which provide CT/PEP income AND provide• training programmes (social and technical)• job placement• livelihoods development programmes• Microfinance• Case worker support (individual/hh level intervention)
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Improves quality of labour Labour Demand
Cash Transfers
Reduces financial barriers to employment
Improves knowledge of labour markets
Reduces social barriers to employment
Labour Supply
Create additional employment
Spillover increase in employment
Promotes self employment
Direct relationshipIndirect relationship
PWP
Social Protection
Social Protection
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Improves quality of labour Labour Demand
Cash Transfers
Complementary Interventions
Skills Training
Life-‐skills training
Child care provision
Access to Microfinance
Reduces financial barriers to employment
Improves knowledge of labour markets
Reduces social barriers to employment
Labour Supply
Active Labour Market Policies
Social Care + Support
Create additional employment
Spillover increase in employment
Promotes self employment
Direct relationshipIndirect relationship
PWP
Social Protection
SP and cross sectoral linkages
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Improves quality of labour Labour Demand
Cash Transfers
Complementary Interventions
CASE WORKER APPROACH
Skills Training
Life-‐skills training
Child care provision
Access to Microfinance
Reduces financial barriers to employment
Improves knowledge of labour markets
Reduces social barriers to employment
Labour Supply
Active Labour Market Policies
Social Care + Support
Create additional employment
Spillover increase in employment
Promotes self employment
Direct relationshipIndirect relationship
PWP
Social Protection
SP and complementary service integration
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SP and complementary service integration (mandate expansion)
Linked to programme success - capacity to reach poor households – entry pointsWeakness of other sectors in reaching the poorØ Programmes growing more complex, adding
components to compensate for services not reaching the poorest
ØMandate growth is linked to demand for sustainable exit from poverty – may result from political imperatives; Mexico, Philippines, South Africa
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Challenges of integration (internalisation)
Trade off between increasing SP coverage and diversification of processes and services delivered ØBecome multi sectoral extension workersØMultiple function requires high skill and range of
expertise – it is feasible/efficient?ØChallenge institutional capacity - may impact on core
mandate deliveryØ ‘Christmas tree’ effect…
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1 Coordination is KING!
• Multiple stakeholders – cross sectoral, different levels of government, (centre, region and local) civil society, private sector
• Institutional mandates and structures (incentives) • Understand and support mandate• Negotiation skills• Credibility• Political support & visibility• Incentives - is collaboration a burden or benefit (role
of budgets)
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2 Value of ‘Programme Protection’
• Need to protect programmes from political revision or reduction (‘foolproofing’)• Legislation• Budget funding mechanism• Electoral power of beneficiaries if large
scale
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3 Challenges for Active Labour Market Policies (ALMP)• Placement, soft skills training, funding for job search
etc are popular• Challenge in context of lack of labour demand• Evidence - limited success international/OECD in
terms of impact on labour market performance• Popular but may not be delivering what intended• may not be optimal intervention in context of mass
chronic unemployment • Nb LABOUR MARKET FAILURE MEANS
• Training may not lead to employment• A job may not be route out of poverty!
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4 Evidence and Evaluation
• Limited evidence of sustained labour market and livelihoods impacts of these interventions• good quality evidence can support programme
quality and political buy in - India and Mexico…• Do we know what is more effective in promoting
employment and livelihoods benefits;• Social protection – CT and PEP• Complementary labour market (placement, skills
training, etc) programmes?
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Key factors for success• Key role local staff capacity• Collaboration with local authorities• Market analysis and linkage• Ensure feasibility of business enterprises,
employment opportunities • Programme instruments match labour market context• Institutional linkage and credibility• Political support• Resources (major constraint to coverage)
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Much food for thought – to be continued
• Thank you
• Good luck!