Download - Speaker: Jenny
Interacting with Computers 17 (2005) 643-659Andrew May, Tracy Ross, Zaheer Osman
The design of next generation in-vehicle navigation system
for the older driver
Speaker: Jenny
• Older drivers perceive wayfinding as more difficult than young drivers. (Burns, 1997)
• Landmarks are key elements to an unfamiliar destination (Allen, 1999), as typically supported by a vehicle navigation system.
• Purpose: within a real driving environment, to investigate the extent to which older drivers benefit from the landmarks provision with navigation instructions
comparison
• Older driver performance with and without landmarks
• Older performance with landmarks compared to younger driver using those same landmarks
Landmarks benefits
• Effective navigation decisions (Tom and Denis, 2003; Bengler et al., 1994)
• Reduce cognitive effort and distraction (Burnett, 1998)
• Increase confidence and satisfaction (Alm et al., 1992; Green et alk., 1993)
• Attributes of good landmarks– Permanence, visibility,
usefulness of location, uniqueness (Burnett et al., 2001)
• Landmarks in this study:– Traffic lights, pedestrian lights,
gas station, public house
Method
• Apparatus: Land Rover Freelander
• direction arrow, distance countdown bar, road name
• Auditory prompts: landmarks or distance to turn information
Experiment
• 2(age) x 2(information) x 8 (manoeuvre)
• 32 participants– Young(21-40) & older(55 and over)
• Time: 40 mins• Speed limit: 50 kph• Dependent variable: navigation
performance, workload, driver confidence, and driver attitudes
• Route: South of Leicester, UK• 37 driver decision points in
17.5 km• Manoeuvres:8 target + 25 en-
route
Results—visual behavior
• Visual glance
Results—visual behavior
Results—visual behavior
Results—driver confidence
Results—driving errors
Results—navigation performance
Results—driver workload
• NASA-RTLX (Hart and Staveland, 1998) – 心智負荷 (Mental Demand)– 動作負荷 (Physical Demand)– 時間壓力( Temporal)– 精力耗費 (Effort)– 挫折感 (Frustration Level)– 表現績效與滿意度 (Performance)
Results—driver attitudes
• Both younger and older drivers stated that navigation system is helpful for wayfinding in unfamiliar area.
• Both of them prefer using a navigation system as their usual means of navigating.