Starter• What are the differences between a
dehydration and hydrolysis reaction?• What are the properties that make water so
important?• What are the 4 major macromolecules?• What are the two parts to a chemical reaction?• Read 5.2• Concept Check 1 and 3
Starter
• How do you differentiate between a dehydration and hydrolysis reaction?
• Name the 4 major macromolecules.
Starter
• What do you need to know for each macromolecule?
• What are the names of the people you sit with?
• What are the common elements found in the macromolecules?
Starter
• How do animals store sugar?• What does hydrophobic mean?
Starter
• What are enzymes and what do they do?• What is the monomer of a protein? What
holds two of those monomers together?
What are Macromolecules?
• Large Molecules formed by joining many subunits together.– Polymers• Built by Dehydration Synthesis
– Water Out
• Broken by Hydrolysis– Water In
Macromolecules
What you need to know…
• For each Macromolecule– Function– Structure– Example(s)
Types of Organic Macromolecules
• Carbohydrates• Lipids• Proteins • Nucleic Acids
• Common Elements found in each:– C, H, N, O, P, S
Carbohydrates -- Function
• Main fuel supply for cellular work
Carbohydrate Structure
• Made of sugar molecules– Composed of• Carbon• Hydrogen• Oxygen
Examples of Carbohydrates
• Monosaccharides – simple sugars– 1 sugar unit– Ex: glucose
• Disaccharides – double sugar– 2 monosaccharides– Ex: Sucrose
• Polysaccharides – complex carbohydrate– Ex: starch
Glucose
Sucrose
Starch
Stored Sugar
• Organisms break sugars down– Use what they need– Store what they don’t• Animals – Glycogen• Plants – Starch
Lipids -- Function
• Hydrophobic• Not a true polymer
• Function– Energy Storage–Cell Membrane
Structure
Lipid Structure
• C, H, O• General Fat structure• 3 carbon backbone attached to three fatty acids– Saturated – all three fatty acids chains have maximum
number of Hydrogen atoms• Butter– Unsaturated – contain less than the maximum number
of hydrogen atoms in one or more of its fatty acid chains• fruits
Examples of Lipids
• Steroids– Estrogen– Testosterone– Cholesterol
• Fats• Oils
Proteins -- Function
• Responsible for almost all day-to-day functioning of organisms
• Structural (bones, skin, hair, nails, muscle)• Enzymes
– Speed up chemical reactions
• Long-term nutrient storage
Protein Structure
• Made up of Amino Acids– Linked together by
peptide bonds
• Polypeptide
• Carbon• Hydrogen• Oxygen• Nitrogen• Sulfur
What makes Proteins unique?• All proteins are the same EXCEPT– The R-Group• Determines the proteins function
Nucleic Acids - Function
1. Stores Genetic Information
2. Directs protein synthesis
Nucleic Acids -- Structure
• C, H, O, N and P• Made of nucleotides (monomer)– Sugar, phosphate, and base (A, T, G, C, U)
• Double Helix
Examples of Nucleic Acids
• Deoxyribonucleic Acid– DNA
• Ribonucleic Acid• RNA