1
SUCCESSFUL INITIATIVES TO IMPROVE AIR QUALITY IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Presented during the 5th Kitakyushu Initiative Network Meeting (KIN5)10‐11 February
Rihga Royal Hotel , Kitakyushu City, Japan
By: Professor Victoria M. SegoviaExecutive DirectorPartnership for Clean Air
Outline of Presentation
1. Tenth Year Anniversary of the Clean Air Act
2. Government Initiatives • DENR
2
• DOTC
3. Civil Society Initiatives
4. Model Projects
The Philippines has just celebrated 10 years of the Clean Air Law:REPUBLIC ACT 8749
The landmark legislation established ambient airquality guidelines and emissions standards, bannedsmoking in public buildings, and mandated that all
3
motor vehicles undergo emissions testing at leastonce a year. It paved the way for the elimination ofleaded gasoline.
Guaranteed the PEOPLE’S right to breathe CLEAN AIR
Present Air Quality in Metro Manila and the Philippines
Data Presented:
4
4
Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) 1976-2007
150
200
250
300
350
400
tratio
n (m
icro
gram
/cu.
m.)
Air quality data com piled by theU.P. National Center for Transportation Studies (2008)
•• 11‐13% increase in 2002‐2004• 8‐12% drop in 2004‐2006
5
5
Annual Average Concentration of Total Suspended Particulates Data Sources: Department of Environment and Natural Resources Environmental Management Bureau, Philippines
(DENR‐EMB), DENR National Capital Region, Philippines (DENR‐NCR) and Partnership for Clean Air (PCA)
0
50
100
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
year
conc
ent
Cubao Erm ita Las P inas Paranaque Pasay City
Pas ig Quezon City Quiapo Valenzuela Standard (Long-Term )
Navotas M akati EDSA-DPW H PAG-ASA Eas t Avenue
Quezon Avenue Katipunan (Ateneo) M anila M em orial P ark Congress ional Avenue Araneta Avenue
Buendia-Ayala EDSA-MM DA E DS A M RT Taft
A m bient A ir Quality Standard for TSP (Long-Term ) = 90 m cg/N.cu.m .
PRINCIPLES of the PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT
Formulate and implement a holistic NATIONAL PROGRAM for AIR POLLUTION MANAGEMENT
Encourage cooperation and self-regulation through MARKET-BASED INSTRUMENT
6
Focus primarily on POLLUTION PREVENTION rather than control
POLLUTERS MUST PAY PRINCIPLE
Formulate and enforce a system of ACCOUNTABILITY
Promote PUBLIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATION
2
AIR QUALITY MONITORING and INFORMATION NETWORK
that produces the >
NATIONAL AIR QUALITY STATUS REPORT
containing
DATA AND AMBIENT AIR
7
INFORMATION on AIR QUALITY STATUS REPORT
QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS
1. Extent of Pollution (type and source)2. Critical Areas, Activities and Projects3. Status, Trends and Projections4. Recommendations for Legislative and Executive Actions
The occasion provided an opportunity for stakeholders to convene and take a look at
progress made – and where the country could still push toward greater success . . .
8
In June 23‐24, 2009 around 300 advocates for clean air gathered in a conference to discuss this concern . . .
Looking back, we reviewed the Air Quality Management Strategies that the country has employed . . .
9
From the Government . . .The DENR worked to implement the rules
and regulations of the CAA >
10
EMISSION REDUCTIONGOALS
Permissible standards
Economic incentives
The DENR mandated to provide an Integrated Air Quality Improvement Framework consisting of >
11
Official blueprint with which all government agencies must comply with to attain and maintain air quality standards
GOALS
Control strategies/measures
Management strategies
Collective action
Education and information
Promote the use of state of the art non‐burn technologies for handling, treatment, thermal destruction, utilization and disposal of sorted, un‐recycled, un‐composted municipal, biomedical and hazardous wastes.
12
PYROLYSIS PLASMA
AUTOCLAVE
MICROWAVE
3
EMISSION CHARGE SYSTEMSTATIONARY MOBILE SOURCES
Collecting agency(Department)
Dept. of Environment & Natural Resources (DENR)
Dept. of Transportation & Communications (DOTC)
Charges included in Emission Permit Vehicle registration
13
Charges included in Emission Permit Vehicle registration
Basis of computation of fees
Volume and Toxicity of emissions
Objective Encourage industries and motor vehicle owners to abate, reduce or prevent pollution
AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT FUND ( AQMF )
SOURCES
Fines and damagesAwarded to the government
P d f li
AIR QUALITYMANAGEMENT FUND
(AQMF)
DENR administered
Special Account in the National Treasury
USES
Restoration and rehabilitation ofAffected areas
Containment
14
Proceeds of licenses and permits
Emission fees
Donations,Endowments and grants
y Containment, Removal or clean-upoperations
Research, Enforcement and Monitoring activities
Technical assistanceTo relevant agencies
FUEL STANDARDSLeaded fuels were phased out – January 1, 2001
FUEL Parameter Maximum Level
Gasoline AromaticsBenzene
35% by volume2% by volume
15
Benzene 2% by volume
Automotive diesel sulfur 0.05% by wt.
Industrial diesel sulfur 0.30% by wt.
However, budget constraints and legal issues continue to impede the full implementation of the law. Certain practices, especially in the agricultural sector, still
make use of chemicals that emit harmful substances into the atmosphere.
16
Today, the issue of aerial spraying in banana plantations in Mindanao (specifically Davao City) is a raging debate.
In the Transport SectorIn the Transport Sector
Traffic Congestion
Based on the 2007 National Emission Inventory mobile sources contribute 65% of the air pollution load nationwide
17
Cross section of road transport services in the PhilippinesCross section of road transport services in the Philippines
Some of our experts studied the Current ConditionsSome of our experts studied the Current Conditions
18
4
2007 NATIONAL EMISSION INVENTORY ACCORDING TO AIR POLLUTANTS
PMPM COCO NOXNOX SOXSOX VOCVOC Total ShareTotal Share
STATIONARY 14.13% 10.26% 30.82% 97.35% 6.48% 20.87%
MOBILE 31.44% 85.03% 38.26% 2.33% 87.42% 65.13%
AREA 54.42% 4.71% 30.92% 0.32% 6.10% 14.01%
In this slide the share of
CURRENT DATA
19
19
In this slide, the share of mobile sources as compared to stationary sources by pollutant is shown. As can be seen, mobile sources account for big chunk of particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds (VOC).
Current efforts
a) Setting emission standards for motor
vehicles
b) Strengthening ambient air monitoring
c) Cleaner fuels
d) Jeepney upgrading through Cleaner
20
Public Transport Financing Program
DAO 2007DAO 2007--2727, all new MV types to be introduced in the market beginning January 1, 2008 shall comply with EURO 2EURO 2Emission Limits
Next: EURO 4Next: EURO 4
20
Under the leadership of DOTC, the country has Under the leadership of DOTC, the country has started to look at the IMPACTS OF started to look at the IMPACTS OF UNSUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT . . .UNSUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT . . .
And the need for
21
Smoke-Belching Bus Along C-4 Road (EDSA Avenue)
Photo Courtesy of the Partnership for Clean Air (PCA)
21
And the need for environmentally sustainable transport (EST)
Presidential Administrative Order No. 254- Formulation of a National Environmentally
Sustainable Transport Strategy for the Philippines -
In January 2009 >
22
22
Current efforts –Cost-efficient and environment friendly mass transit options
*Introduction of Bus RapidTransit (BRT) in Cebu City
23
23
Two pilot routes were identified:
1) C5 (SLEX -Commonwealth Ave.): 21km.assessed to have a very high potential for growth or development; least resistance from various stakeholders
PrePre--feasibility Study on BRT System for Greater feasibility Study on BRT System for Greater Metro ManilaMetro Manila
24
2) EDSA-Binangonan: 24km.selected for its potential to demonstrate the importance of BRT in servicing both urban and suburban areas.
24
5
The Local Government is doing its share . . .
•Example ‐Marikina Bikeways
25
25
∙ Promote cycling as a mode of urban transport in the City of Marikina∙ Provide a good example of bicycle policy for other cities in Metro Manila and other parts of the Philippines.∙ Serve as a pilot project to find out what the effects of integral bicycle planning in the Philippines can be.∙ Build local capacity on bicycle planning.
Marikina Bikeways Project
26
27
Tour of the Fireflies
Public Education andAwareness CampaignFor the Environment
Ex. Miriam College partnered with
For a Community-based Air Care Program . . .
6
These were some of their activities . . .
• AIR QUALITY MONITORINGTo establish the current state of pollution in the target areas.
31
Air quality monitoring with partner schools and TODAs
The schools also developed IEC materials
32
SOURCE BOOK for schools
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE POSTERS & AVP
Program Activities and Key Results
• CAPACITY BUILDING ACTIVITIES
Intensive Preventive Maintenance Training
33 34
This is our ubiquitous jeepney
35
Very convenient, but also pollutive and adds to traffic mess . . .
FORMULA JUAN
BATES 141
36
By getting the private sector to sponsor this change, we By getting the private sector to sponsor this change, we can lessen air pollution one jeepney at a time. can lessen air pollution one jeepney at a time. For a time period of one year, the converted jeepney will be a testament to the For a time period of one year, the converted jeepney will be a testament to the sponsor’s desire to be part of this milestonesponsor’s desire to be part of this milestone
7
Media Media also helps also helps
37
Phase Two of the ‘Race for Cleaner Air’is the development of the
solar‐assisted electric Sa‐araw Jeepney.
BOYSEN PHILIPPINES, INC. New Paint Paradigm
ECO‐FRIENDLYPAINT
MINIMIZE health risks and damage to the
Protect people and ACTively IMPROVES the
40
damage to the environment
ACTively IMPROVES the environment
Low levels of VOCs (volatile organic compounds)
Takes out VOCs from the air
.comwww.
Guadalupe MRT Trial of KNOxOut• Scientific basis
– Meteorological equipment to monitor and model the local conditions
– Traffic counting
– Air quality monitoring
41
• Multi‐stakeholder partnership– Academe, business, technology provider, government regulatory agency
“Save the Air”
42
WE WORK THROUGH EFFECTIVE PARTNERSHIPS
8
In Mandaluyong City,
we have built a
partnership to work
with LGUs, academe,
business and
cooperatives to change
the smoke‐belching
ik
43
trikes . . .
Phil. Institute of Petroleum ‐ PIP
The Partnership for Clean Air (PCA) with the leadership of DENR, DOTC, and Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities (CAI‐Asia) Center
Invite stakeholders, friends and partners to join in the celebration of
Clean Air Month ‐ November 2009 DATE EVENT VENUE ORGANIZERS
TARGET
PARTICIPANTS CONTACT
22 October Whole day
Workshop on Clean Air for Philippine Cities
A.Venue Hotel Suites Makati City
GTZ, DENR, CAI‐Asia Center, PCA and League of Cities of the Philippines
Selected Philippine cities (by invitation)
Glynda Bathan – CAI Asia Center Tel 395‐2843, Fax 395‐2846 glynda.bathan@cai‐asia.org Ronald Cartegena – LCP Tel. 830‐0057; [email protected]
NOVEMBER IS CLEAN AIR MONTH IN THE PHILIPPINES ….. 2009
44
28 October1:00 – 5:00 P.M.
UNEP‐TNT Clean Fleet Management Toolkit Launch
Manila Golf and Country Club
CIA‐Asia, PBE, PCA, with support from UNEP and PCFV
Managers of Private and Public Fleets in the Philippines
Glynda Bathan – CAI Asia CenterTel 395‐2843, Fax 395‐2846 glynda.bathan@cai‐asia.org
8 November10:00 am to 12:00noon
Launch of Bicycle Access in LRT 1 &2 System
LRT Cubao Station – Araneta Center
Firefly Brigade, LRTA General Public and Bike Owners (folding bicycles – first phase)
Mia C. Bunao – Project CoordinatorFirefly Brigade Telephone: 386‐3926 www.fireflybrigade.org
9 NovemberWhole day
Seminar on Cleaning the Air for LGUs of Metro Manila
Sulo Hotel DENR ‐ EMB
LGUs in Metro Manila (DENR ‐ EMB will invite)
Elen Basug – EMBTelefax: 928‐4674; Tel:920‐2251 [email protected]
10 November7:00 A.M.
Makati Green Route: Opening of First Charging Station and Depot for Electric Vehicles
Makati Fire Station, Ayala Ave. Ext. Makati City
Institute for Climate and Sustainable Cities (ICSC)
General Public
Yvonne Palomar‐Castro, Project DirectorClimate Friendly Cities Project Telephone: 924‐3696
The Annual Celebration of Clean Air Month serves as a fitting venue to gather the
country’s air quality community to explore ways to address the problem. Just as we all
have a responsibility to keep our waters clean and waterways free and unclogged, we also
have a responsibility to keep the air clean, particularly since air does not recognize
territorial boundaries.
JUNE 24, 2009
45
FILIPINOS AND FRIENDS CAME TOGETHER TO SIGN THE CLEAN AIR 10 DECLARATION
“S th Ai ”
46
“Save the Air”
www.cleanairnet.org/philippines
47
After February 15, 2010 > try:
www.cleanairinitiative.org