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SUCCESSFUL INITIATIVES TO IMPROVE AIR QUALITY IN THE 

PHILIPPINES

Presented during the  5th Kitakyushu Initiative Network Meeting (KIN5)10‐11 February

Rihga Royal Hotel , Kitakyushu City, Japan

By: Professor Victoria M. SegoviaExecutive DirectorPartnership for Clean Air

Outline of Presentation

1. Tenth Year Anniversary of the Clean Air Act

2. Government Initiatives • DENR

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• DOTC

3. Civil Society Initiatives 

4. Model Projects

The Philippines has just celebrated 10 years of the Clean Air Law:REPUBLIC ACT 8749

The landmark legislation established ambient airquality guidelines and emissions standards, bannedsmoking in public buildings, and mandated that all

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motor vehicles undergo emissions testing at leastonce a year. It paved the way for the elimination ofleaded gasoline.

Guaranteed the PEOPLE’S right to breathe CLEAN AIR

Present Air Quality in Metro Manila and the Philippines

Data Presented:

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Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) 1976-2007

150

200

250

300

350

400

tratio

n (m

icro

gram

/cu.

m.)

Air quality data com piled by theU.P. National Center for Transportation Studies (2008)

•• 11‐13% increase in 2002‐2004• 8‐12% drop in 2004‐2006

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Annual Average Concentration of Total Suspended Particulates Data Sources: Department of Environment and Natural Resources Environmental Management Bureau, Philippines

(DENR‐EMB), DENR National Capital Region, Philippines (DENR‐NCR) and Partnership for Clean Air (PCA)

0

50

100

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

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2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

year

conc

ent

Cubao Erm ita Las P inas Paranaque Pasay City

Pas ig Quezon City Quiapo Valenzuela Standard (Long-Term )

Navotas M akati EDSA-DPW H PAG-ASA Eas t Avenue

Quezon Avenue Katipunan (Ateneo) M anila M em orial P ark Congress ional Avenue Araneta Avenue

Buendia-Ayala EDSA-MM DA E DS A M RT Taft

A m bient A ir Quality Standard for TSP (Long-Term ) = 90 m cg/N.cu.m .

PRINCIPLES of the PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT

Formulate and implement a holistic NATIONAL PROGRAM for AIR POLLUTION MANAGEMENT

Encourage cooperation and self-regulation through MARKET-BASED INSTRUMENT

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Focus primarily on POLLUTION PREVENTION rather than control

POLLUTERS MUST PAY PRINCIPLE

Formulate and enforce a system of ACCOUNTABILITY

Promote PUBLIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATION

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AIR QUALITY MONITORING and INFORMATION NETWORK

that produces the >

NATIONAL AIR QUALITY STATUS REPORT

containing

DATA AND  AMBIENT AIR 

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INFORMATION on AIR QUALITY STATUS REPORT

QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS

1. Extent of Pollution (type and source)2. Critical Areas, Activities and Projects3. Status, Trends and Projections4. Recommendations for Legislative and Executive Actions

The occasion provided an opportunity for stakeholders to convene and take a look at 

progress made – and where the country could still push toward greater success . . .

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In June 23‐24, 2009 around 300 advocates for clean air gathered in a conference to discuss this concern . . .

Looking back, we reviewed the Air Quality Management Strategies that the country has employed . . .

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From the Government . . .The DENR worked to implement the rules

and regulations of the CAA >

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EMISSION REDUCTIONGOALS

Permissible standards

Economic incentives

The DENR mandated to provide an Integrated Air Quality Improvement Framework consisting of >

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Official blueprint with which all government agencies must comply with to attain and maintain air quality standards

GOALS

Control strategies/measures

Management strategies

Collective action

Education and information

Promote the use of state of the art non‐burn technologies for handling, treatment, thermal destruction, utilization and disposal of sorted, un‐recycled, un‐composted municipal, biomedical and hazardous wastes.

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PYROLYSIS PLASMA

AUTOCLAVE

MICROWAVE

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EMISSION CHARGE SYSTEMSTATIONARY MOBILE SOURCES

Collecting agency(Department)

Dept. of Environment & Natural Resources (DENR)

Dept. of Transportation & Communications (DOTC)

Charges included in Emission Permit Vehicle registration

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Charges included in Emission Permit Vehicle registration

Basis of computation of fees

Volume and Toxicity of emissions

Objective Encourage industries and motor vehicle owners to abate, reduce or prevent pollution

AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT FUND ( AQMF )

SOURCES

Fines and damagesAwarded to the government

P d f li

AIR QUALITYMANAGEMENT FUND

(AQMF)

DENR administered

Special Account in the National Treasury

USES

Restoration and rehabilitation ofAffected areas

Containment

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Proceeds of licenses and permits

Emission fees

Donations,Endowments and grants

y Containment, Removal or clean-upoperations

Research, Enforcement and Monitoring activities

Technical assistanceTo relevant agencies

FUEL STANDARDSLeaded fuels were phased out – January 1, 2001

FUEL Parameter Maximum Level

Gasoline AromaticsBenzene

35% by volume2% by volume

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Benzene 2% by volume

Automotive diesel sulfur 0.05% by wt.

Industrial diesel sulfur 0.30% by wt.

However, budget constraints and legal issues continue to impede the full implementation of the law. Certain practices, especially in the agricultural sector, still 

make use of chemicals that emit harmful substances     into the atmosphere.

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Today, the issue of  aerial spraying in banana plantations in Mindanao  (specifically Davao City) is a raging debate.

In the Transport SectorIn the Transport Sector

Traffic Congestion

Based on the 2007 National Emission Inventory mobile sources contribute 65% of the air pollution load nationwide

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Cross section of road transport services in the PhilippinesCross section of road transport services in the Philippines

Some of our experts studied the Current ConditionsSome of our experts studied the Current Conditions

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2007 NATIONAL EMISSION INVENTORY ACCORDING TO AIR POLLUTANTS

PMPM COCO NOXNOX SOXSOX VOCVOC Total ShareTotal Share

STATIONARY 14.13% 10.26% 30.82% 97.35% 6.48% 20.87%

MOBILE 31.44% 85.03% 38.26% 2.33% 87.42% 65.13%

AREA 54.42% 4.71% 30.92% 0.32% 6.10% 14.01%

In this slide the share of

CURRENT DATA

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In this slide, the share of mobile sources as compared to stationary sources by pollutant is shown. As can be seen, mobile sources account for big chunk of particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds (VOC).

Current efforts

a) Setting emission standards for motor

vehicles

b) Strengthening ambient air monitoring

c) Cleaner fuels

d) Jeepney upgrading through Cleaner

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Public Transport Financing Program

DAO 2007DAO 2007--2727, all new MV types to be introduced in the market beginning January 1, 2008 shall comply with EURO 2EURO 2Emission Limits

Next: EURO 4Next: EURO 4

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Under the leadership of DOTC, the country has Under the leadership of DOTC, the country has started to look at the IMPACTS OF started to look at the IMPACTS OF UNSUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT . . .UNSUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT . . .

And the need for

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Smoke-Belching Bus Along C-4 Road (EDSA Avenue)

Photo Courtesy of the Partnership for Clean Air (PCA)

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And the need for environmentally sustainable transport (EST)

Presidential Administrative Order No. 254- Formulation of a National Environmentally

Sustainable Transport Strategy for the Philippines -

In January 2009  >

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Current efforts –Cost-efficient and environment friendly mass transit options

*Introduction of Bus RapidTransit (BRT) in Cebu City

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Two pilot routes were identified:

1) C5 (SLEX -Commonwealth Ave.): 21km.assessed to have a very high potential for growth or development; least resistance from various stakeholders

PrePre--feasibility Study on BRT System for Greater feasibility Study on BRT System for Greater Metro ManilaMetro Manila

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2) EDSA-Binangonan: 24km.selected for its potential to demonstrate the importance of BRT in servicing both urban and suburban areas.

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The Local Government is doing its share . . .

•Example ‐Marikina Bikeways

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∙ Promote cycling as a mode of urban transport in the City of Marikina∙ Provide a good example of bicycle policy for other cities in Metro Manila and other parts of the    Philippines.∙ Serve as a pilot project to find out what the effects of integral bicycle planning in the Philippines can be.∙ Build local capacity on bicycle planning.

Marikina Bikeways Project

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Tour of the Fireflies

Public Education andAwareness CampaignFor the Environment

Ex. Miriam College partnered with 

For a Community-based Air Care Program . . .

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These were some of their activities . . .

• AIR QUALITY MONITORINGTo establish the current state of pollution in the target areas.

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Air quality monitoring with partner schools and TODAs

The schools also developed  IEC materials

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SOURCE BOOK for schools

PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE POSTERS & AVP

Program Activities and Key Results

• CAPACITY BUILDING ACTIVITIES

Intensive Preventive Maintenance Training

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This is our ubiquitous jeepney

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Very convenient, but also pollutive and adds to traffic mess . . .

FORMULA JUAN

BATES 141

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By getting the private sector to sponsor this change, we By getting the private sector to sponsor this change, we can lessen air pollution one jeepney at a time. can lessen air pollution one jeepney at a time. For a time period of one year, the converted jeepney will be a testament to the For a time period of one year, the converted jeepney will be a testament to the sponsor’s desire to be part of this milestonesponsor’s desire to be part of this milestone

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Media Media also helps also helps 

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Phase Two of the ‘Race for Cleaner Air’is the development of the 

solar‐assisted electric Sa‐araw Jeepney.

BOYSEN PHILIPPINES, INC. New Paint Paradigm

ECO‐FRIENDLYPAINT 

MINIMIZE health risks and damage to the

Protect people and ACTively IMPROVES the

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damage to the environment

ACTively IMPROVES the environment

Low levels of VOCs (volatile organic compounds)

Takes out VOCs from the air

.comwww.

Guadalupe MRT Trial of KNOxOut• Scientific basis

– Meteorological equipment to monitor and model the local conditions

– Traffic counting

– Air quality monitoring

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• Multi‐stakeholder partnership– Academe, business, technology provider, government regulatory agency

“Save the Air”

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WE WORK THROUGH EFFECTIVE PARTNERSHIPS

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In Mandaluyong City, 

we have built a 

partnership to work 

with LGUs, academe, 

business and 

cooperatives  to change 

the smoke‐belching 

ik

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trikes . . .

Phil. Institute of Petroleum ‐ PIP

   

  

The Partnership for Clean Air (PCA) with the leadership of DENR, DOTC,  and Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities (CAI‐Asia) Center 

Invite stakeholders, friends and partners to join in the celebration of  

Clean Air Month ‐ November 2009 DATE EVENT VENUE ORGANIZERS 

 TARGET 

PARTICIPANTS CONTACT

22 October Whole day 

 Workshop on Clean Air for Philippine Cities  

 A.Venue Hotel Suites Makati City 

 GTZ, DENR, CAI‐Asia Center, PCA and League of Cities of the Philippines 

 Selected Philippine cities (by invitation) 

Glynda Bathan – CAI Asia Center Tel  395‐2843, Fax 395‐2846 glynda.bathan@cai‐asia.org Ronald Cartegena – LCP Tel. 830‐0057;  ronald_0215@yahoo.com 

NOVEMBER IS CLEAN AIR MONTH IN THE PHILIPPINES ….. 2009

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28 October1:00 – 5:00 P.M. 

UNEP‐TNT Clean Fleet Management Toolkit Launch 

Manila Golf and Country Club 

CIA‐Asia, PBE, PCA, with support from UNEP and PCFV 

Managers of Private and Public Fleets in the Philippines 

Glynda Bathan – CAI Asia CenterTel  395‐2843, Fax 395‐2846 glynda.bathan@cai‐asia.org  

8 November10:00 am to 12:00noon 

Launch of Bicycle Access in LRT 1 &2 System  

LRT Cubao Station – Araneta Center 

Firefly Brigade, LRTA General Public and Bike Owners (folding bicycles – first phase) 

Mia C. Bunao – Project CoordinatorFirefly Brigade Telephone: 386‐3926 www.fireflybrigade.org  

9 NovemberWhole day 

Seminar on Cleaning the Air for LGUs of Metro Manila 

Sulo Hotel DENR ‐ EMB  

LGUs in Metro Manila (DENR ‐ EMB will invite) 

Elen Basug – EMBTelefax: 928‐4674; Tel:920‐2251 elenemb2002@gmail.com 

10 November7:00 A.M. 

Makati Green Route: Opening of First Charging Station and Depot for Electric Vehicles   

Makati Fire Station, Ayala Ave. Ext. Makati City 

Institute for Climate and Sustainable Cities (ICSC) 

 General Public 

Yvonne Palomar‐Castro, Project DirectorClimate Friendly Cities Project Telephone: 924‐3696  

The Annual Celebration of Clean Air Month serves as a fitting venue to gather the 

country’s air quality community to explore ways to address the problem. Just as we all 

have a responsibility to keep our waters clean and waterways free and unclogged, we also 

have a responsibility to keep the air clean, particularly since air does not recognize 

territorial boundaries.

JUNE 24, 2009

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FILIPINOS AND FRIENDS CAME TOGETHER TO SIGN  THE  CLEAN AIR 10 DECLARATION

“S th Ai ”

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“Save the Air”

www.cleanairnet.org/philippines

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After February 15, 2010 > try:

www.cleanairinitiative.org