Download - Telecom Roaming Overview
Telecom Roaming Overview
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Objective
Roaming Overview
Entities Related to Roaming Service
Home Network & Visited Network
National, International, Inter-standard Roaming
Inbound & Outbound Roaming
Roaming Scenario’s
Benefit of GSM technology in Roaming
Jargon
Roaming Overview
Roaming is an ability to access mobile data and voice services even if subscriber is outside the coverage area of HOME Network.
It is possible via using VISITED Network services.
To provide roaming facility to subscribers, operators should have roaming agreement with the other operators in different places.
Roaming Overview …
Cell phone
Switch
City 2 (Visited Area)
Subscriber is on
Roaming.
City 1 (Home Area)
Subscriber’s own
area where they are
using its own
providers services
Switch
Cell phone
Home Operator -
Hutch Area
Visited Operator’s
Area (Roaming
Partner of Hutch)
MSC
Hutch Network
Infrastructure
Hutch
Subscriber
Roaming
Agreement
Present between
Hutch and other
Operators
Hutch Subscriber
but using other
operator services
for Roaming
purpose
MSC
Other operators
Network
Infrastructure
Entities Related to Roaming Service
Home Network (HPMN) - Coverage area of subscribers own telecom operator.
Visited Network (VPMN) – Coverage area of another operator which is providing telecom network access to home operator subscriber.
Clearing House – Entity which is a mediator between home and visitor operator to interchange their data in specified format.
Roaming Agreement – To provide roaming facility both the operators (Home and Visitor) should have agreement to use each others network infrastructure.
Data Clearing – Facility to validate, filter and clear the data from one operator to another operator.
Home Network & Visited Network
Cell phone
Home Network
Visited Network
Cell phoneCity
Operator1 suscriber in
Operator1 coverage area
Operator1 suscriber in
Operator2 coverage area
NE
NE
Clearing House
Operator1 & Operator2 have
Roaming Aggrement
Roaming Data
from Operator2
for Operator1
Roaming Data
from Clearing
house to
Operator1
National, International, Inter-standard Roaming
National Roaming – If visited Network is in the same country, it is called National Roaming.
International Roaming – If the visited Network is in the different country, It is called international or Global Roaming.
Inter-standard roaming - If the visited network operates on a different technical standard than the home network, this is known as Inter-standard roaming.
Inbound & Outbound RoamingAssuming – Airtel as a home operator
Inbound Roaming – Customers of other operator roaming in Airtel area and using Airtel infrastructure then this activity is called inbound roaming. Only those customers can roam in Airtel network whose operator has Inbound Roaming agreement with Airtel.
Outbound Roaming – Outbound Roaming refers to Airtel customers roaming in network of other operators area. Customers of Airtel can roam in network of other operators with whom Airtel has Outbound Roaming agreement.
Roaming Scenario’s
Reciever
Other Operators NE
City 2 (Visited Area)
Subscriber is on
Roaming.
City 1 (Home Area)
Subscriber’s own
area where they are
using its own
providers services
Hutch NE
Caller
Home Operator -
Hutch Area
Visited Operator’s
Area (Roaming
Partner of Hutch)
HUTCH MSC
Hutch Network
Infrastructure
Roaming
Agreement
Present between
Hutch and other
Operators
Hutch Subscriber
but using other
operator services
for Roaming
purpose
MSC
Other operators
Network
Infrastructure
Caller calling to
Hutch Roamer
Scenario 1 - When Roamer receives calls while on roaming, all his calls will reach the MSC of his Home Network in the first instance. He will be traced in his visited network and the calls are therefore forwarded there.
Roaming Scenario’s
Caller - Hutch Roamer
Other Operators NE
City 2 (Visited Area)
Subscriber is on
Roaming.
City 1 (Home Area)
Subscriber’s own
area where they are
using its own
providers services
Hutch NE
Receiver of Hutch
Home Operator -
Hutch Area
Visited Operator’s
Area (Roaming
Partner of Hutch)
HUTCH MSC
Hutch Network
Infrastructure
Roaming
Agreement
Present between
Hutch and other
Operators
Hutch Subscriber
but using other
operator services
for Roaming
purpose
MSC
Other operators
Network
Infrastructure
Hutch User
Receiving Hutch
Roamer Call
Scenario 2- When roamer makes calls to his Home Network (HPLMN), he obviously knows that he is temporarily out of his home network and thus his calls are routed through his temporary home network ie. visited network (VPLMN).
Roaming Scenario’s
Caller - Hutch Roamer
Other Operators NE
City 2 (Visited Area)
Subscriber is on
Roaming.
City 1 (Home Area)
Subscriber’s own
area where they are
using its own
providers services
Hutch NE
Reciever
Home Operator -
Hutch Area
Visited Operator’s
Area (Roaming
Partner of Hutch)
HUTCH MSC
Hutch Network
Infrastructure
Roaming
Agreement
Present between
Hutch and other
Operators
Hutch Subscriber
but using other
operator services
for Roaming
purpose
MSC
Other operators
Network
Infrastructure
User Receiving
Hutch Roamer
Call
Scenario 3-When he makes calls within his visiting network which is his temporary home network, his calls are routed within that without being routed through his home network (HPLMN).
Roaming Scenario’s
Caller - Hutch Roamer
Other Operators NE
City 2 (Visited Area)
Subscriber is on
Roaming.
City 1 (Home Area)
Subscriber’s own
area where they are
using its own
providers services
Hutch NE
Reciever
Home Operator -
Hutch Area
Visited Operator’s
Area (Roaming
Partner of Hutch)
HUTCH MSC
Hutch Network
Infrastructure
Roaming Agreement
Present between
Hutch and other
Operators
Hutch Subscriber
but using other
operator services
for Roaming
purpose
MSC
Other operators
Network
Infrastructure
City3 User
Receiving Hutch
Roamer Call
Roaming Agreement
Present between City2
& City3 Operators
City 3 (Receiver
Area)
City3 Operators NE
MSC
Scenario 4 - When he is making calls to networks other than his home network or the temporary home network, his calls are routed through the temporary home network only.
Benefit of GSM technology in Roaming
GSM Roaming, which involves roaming between GSM networks, offers the convenience of a single number, a single bill and a single phone with worldwide access to over 191 countries.
The convenience of GSM Roaming has been a key driver behind the global success of the GSM Platform.
Jargon
PLMN - Public Land Mobile Network.
HPLMN - Home Public Land Mobile Network (Home Network ie. say the state of West Bengal)
VPLMN - Visited Public Land Mobile Network (Visited Network - say the state where roaming - outside West Bengal)
Notional TAX - The Trunk Auto Exchange of a particular State (say for West Bengal it is Asansol; for Orissa it is Cuttack and so on). Each state has a Level 1 TAX through which the calls for & from other states pass.
PSTN Phone - Public Switched Telephone Network ie. a Landline Phone.
PSTN Charges - The fixed line phone charges either Local Call Charges or STD Charges.
Air Time - The duration of the call ie. during which time the call is there in the Air.
POI - Point of Interconnect - This is where the mobile network is connected to the PSTN.
SA - Service Area - The area served by a particular operator. Usual a state boundary.
MSC - Mobile Switching Center ie. Mobile Exchange.
BSC - Base Station Controller - It is an interface between the MSC on the one side and the BTS on the other.
BTS - Base Transceiver Stations (Towers)
Billing and Accounting for Roaming Group (BARG) - A subgroup of the GSM Association that focuses on the financial, administrative, and procedural issues related to roaming (visiting) customers.
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