That is
illogical!
Holly B. SmithUniversity
OfNorth Texas
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"Give me liberty to know, to utter, and to argue freely according to conscience, above all liberties."--John Milton, poet
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FALLACIOUS STATEMENTS CONCRETE, WELL-THOUGHT OUT POINTS
OPINIONATED DISUTE REAL EVIDENCE
RANT THAT DISREGARDS AUDIENCE ALL POINTS OF VIEW ARE HEARD
IDEAS UNFOUNDED BY LOGIC OR EMPIRICAL TRUTH EVIDENCE IS FREELY OFFERED
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5
Aristotle divided his 13 fallacies into Material
and Verbal
fallacies.
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Learning of the fallacies
aids in the ongoing teaching of critical thinking.
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SweepingGeneralization
Generalization that disregards exceptions
Surgeons commit a
crime
Firefighters are
lawbreakers
Dicto Simpliciter
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Sweeping Generalization is also called Jumping to Conclusions and Converse Accident.
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Begging the Question
Conclusion is found by means of a premise that assumes the conclusion
I’ll vouch for her
…obviously worthless
Circular Reasoning
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False Cause
Incorrectly assumes one thing is the cause of another
Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc
Cum Hoc Ergo Propter
Hoc
Non Seqitur
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Fallacy of Many
Questions
Groups more than one question in the form of a single question
Have you ever stopped
beating your wife?
Did you smirk?
Plurium Interrogation
um
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Straw Man
Misrepresenting another’s argumentPost Hoc Ergo
Propter Hoc
Cum Hoc Ergo Propter
Hoc
Non Seqitur
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13
A famous Straw Man Argument was during Richard Nixon’s “Checkers” speech in 1952.
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NameThatFALLACY!
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Sweeping Generalization
Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc
Straw Man
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Sweeping Generalization
Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc
Straw Man
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Begging the Question
Non Sequitur
Straw Man
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Begging the Question
Non Sequitur
Straw Man
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Begging the Question
Non Sequitur
Straw Man
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Begging the Question
Non Sequitur
Straw Man
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Ad Hominem
Attacks on the person making the argument
Burglars are not
trustworthy
If Dr. Smith is such a skilled
surgeon…
“to the man”
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Argument from Authority
Attacks on the person making the argument
Easy, Breezy, Beautiful…
I saw a diet pill ad…
Ad Verecundi
am
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Band Wagon Appeal
Popular ideas are always right7 out of 10
doctors say it works…
Anthrax Rules!!!
Ad Populum
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Famous Bandwagon Campaigns are: • Any movie that tells us how many people saw it opening weekend• A product that tells us they are “x-million strong” and growing• Any shoemaker that only depicts their shoes on beautiful, successful people
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NameThatFALLACY!
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Appeal to Authority
Straw Man
Ad Hominem
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Appeal to Authority
Straw Man
Ad Hominem
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Appeal to Authority
Band Wagon
Ad Hominem
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Appeal to Authority
Band Wagon
Ad Hominem
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“Don't raise your voice, improve your argument.“ Desmond Tutu
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Either/Or
Popular ideas are always rightYou’re either for
me or against me!
Leader or follower?
False Dilemma
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Red Herring
Changing the subject mid-debateMerit in stricter
requirements…
What is “morality” exactly?
Ignoratio Elenchi
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Slippery Slope
One changes inevitably makes another
GiveCamel’s Nose
Legalize it
If you dropout…
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NameThatFALLACY!
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Appeal to Authority
Straw Man
Red Herring
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Appeal to Authority
Straw Man
Red Herring
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Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc
Straw Man
Red Herring
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Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc
Straw Man
Red Herring
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Appeal to Authority
Band Wagon Appeal
Ad Hominem
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Appeal to Authority
Band Wagon Appeal
Ad Hominem
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Great!...........so?????
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Appeal to Authority and Straw Man
Begging the Question and Post Hoc
Fallacy of Many QuestionsBandwagon or Appeal to Authority
Either/Or and Slippery Slope
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What’s my argument?
Position: I think/I feel/I believeProposition: BecauseReason: AsEvidence: Supported by
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Putting this through our TEKS and into practice.
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Business TEKS130.112.2.B130.116.9.A-C130.117.5.G130.118.1.D. list advantages (disadvantages)130.118.3.C argue for/against130.118.7.c. discus role of…(what it should NOT do)130.119.5.G130.119.7.H*130.119.10.F-M130.121.1.I
(F) define why and how employees unionize; (G) explain employer tactics used to oppose unionization and what employers cannot do during the unionization process; (H) explain the structure and functions of a union; (I) discuss the major union organizations such as AFL-CIO, national unions, local unions, and international unions; (J) summarize the collective bargaining process and the issues typically negotiated, including wages, hours, and working conditions; (K) explain a typical grievance procedure; (L) define grievance arbitration; (M) explain the contemporary challenges facing labor organizations and unions, including: (i) foreign competition; (ii) technological change; Adopted to be effective August 23, 2010. (iii) decline in union membership; and (iv) employers' focus on maintaining good working conditions to maintain non-union status; and
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“A Teacher Weighs the Pros and Cons of Teacher Unions” by Kelly Garcia
1. Divide the class in “pros” and “cons”
2. Present points3. Create 2-3 fallacies for
each side4. Create ad slogan and
posterCopyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights
reserved.
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“Are Labor Unions a Good Thing?” balancedpolitics.org
“Labor Union Debates” debate.org
“Labor Unions in the Workforce” http://ethemes.missouri.edu/themes/1935
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“Logic is the anatomy of thought..."John LockeEnglish Philosopher(1632-1704)