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The Basics ofThe Basics ofVine Training and g
Canopy ManagementLaura Hunsberger
Extension Educator, Agriculture and Natural ResourcesWorcester County
Joseph A. Fiola, Ph.D.S i li t i Viti lt d S ll F it
ySnow Hill, MD
Specialist in Viticulture and Small FruitWestern Maryland REC
Keedysville, MD
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“The Wine is made in the Vineyard”The Wine is made in the Vineyard
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Vineyard Planting - April 6, 2001, St. Mary’s County
Bill Kirby
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April 6, 2001
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April 24, 2001
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May, 2001
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July, 2001
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Ben Beale
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Dorky headgear reappearsDorky headgear reappears
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Upper Marlboro Field Day pp y7/25/2001
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September, 2001
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Canopy Management Basics
Early Vine TrainingEarly Vine TrainingStraight p!• Straight up!
• Keep graft union above ground• Keep off ground• Tie to stake• Tie to stake• 2 trunks• Trim off suckers and clusters• Eliminate weed competitionEliminate weed competition
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Canopy Management Basics
Removeyoungyoungclusters
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Canopy Management Basics
Grow tubes
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G T bCanopy Management Basics
Grow TubesB fit Li it tiBenefits• Animal damage
Limitations• Cost
• Moisture• Herbicide
• Growth rateTrunk “twist”
• Growth rate• Replaces stake
• Promotes single trunkReplaces stake
• Physical protectiontrunk
• Diseases, insects• Remo al• Removal• Winter damage
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The use of milk cartons is a d l t lt tigood, low cost alternative.
• It can disintegrate by the end It can disintegrate by the end of the season • Larger space allows for less g phumidity/moisture• >1 trunk
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Canopy Management Basics
Train multiple trunks Train 2 trunksTrain multiple trunks Train 2 trunks
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Young Vine TrainingCanopy Management Basics
Young Vine Training
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Canopy Management Basics
The Goal = “Ripe grapes”
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Canopy Management Basics
“Sunlight into Wine”Sunlight into WineGood Fruit Exposure
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Canopy Management Basics
Light Exposure“Air” ExposureP i id EPesticide Exposure
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Canopy Management Basics
Benefits of ProperBenefits of ProperCanopy ManagementCanopy Management
• Fruit Exposure • Vine Balance
• Uniform Ripening – Vigor management
• Bud Fruitfulness• Decreased Disease
• Increased Color
• Bud Fruitfulness
• Uniform Bud Break
• Decreased Acidity
I d V l il
• Uniform Shoot Vigor
E f h t• Increased Volatiles • Ease of harvest
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Canopy Management Basics
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Canopy Management Basics
Balance of vegetativeand reproductive vigorand reproductive vigor
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Canopy Management Basics
Training System TermsR k• Rootstock• Sucker
• LeafBladeP i l• Scion/Variety
• TrunkPetiole
• Tendril• Bud
• Cordon• Cane
• Bud1o, 2o , 3o
• ClusterCane• Spur• Shoot
BerryRachis
• Shoot• Lateral
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Training System TermsCanopy Management Basics
Training System Terms
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Canopy Management Basics
Vertical
Lateral
Varietal growth habit
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T i i S t TCanopy Management Basics
Training System Types• Single Canopies• Single Canopies
• “VSP” Vertical Shoot PositioningHi h C d T i i• High Cordon Training
• Split Canopies Vertical• Smart-Dyson• Scott-Henryy
• Split Canopies Horizontal• LyreLyre• Geneva Double Curtain “GDC”
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Canopy Management Basics
Vertical Shoot PositioningVertical Shoot Positioning• Simple “I” trellis setup• Simple I trellis setup
• Easy and quick to establish
• Get into production quickly
• Easy maintenance during growing season
• Good for fruit exposureGood for fruit exposure
• Easy to harvest, hand or mechanical
• Easy to winter prune, cordon, or cane
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Canopy Management Basics
Vertical Shoot PositioningVertical Shoot Positioning
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Canopy Management Basics
“VSP V i l Sh P i i i“VSP - Vertical Shoot Positioning
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Canopy Management Basics
Exposed fruit zone on uniform spaced shoots
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Canopy Management Basics
Managed lateral growth
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Canopy Management Basics
High Cordon TrainingHigh Cordon Training• Simple “I” trellis setupSimple I trellis setup
• Easy to establish
• Easy maintenance during growing season
G d f f it• Good for fruit exposure
• Lateral growing varietiesg g
• Easy to harvest, hand or mechanical
• Easy to winter prune, cordon, or cane
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Canopy Management Basics
High Cordon TrainingHigh Cordon Training
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Canopy Management Basics
Hi h C d T i iHigh Cordon Training
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Canopy Management Basics
Smart-Dyson; Scott Henry• Manage high vigor
• Higher yield• Higher yield
• Maintain high quality
• Less shoot positioning and leaf pulling
• Good for fruit exposure
• Easy to harvest hand or mechanicalEasy to harvest, hand or mechanical
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Canopy Management Basics
Horizontal Split Scott HenryHorizontal Split - Scott-Henry
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Canopy Management Basics
Horizontal Split Smart DysonHorizontal Split – Smart-Dyson
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Canopy Management Basics
Open Lyre;G D bl C t iGeneva Double Curtain
• Manage very high vigorManage very high vigor
• High yields
• Maintain high quality
G d f f i• Good for fruit exposure
• Can be mechanizedCan be mechanized
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Canopy Management Basics
Lyre – Under and Inside
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Canopy Management Basics
Geneva Double Curtain (GDC)Geneva Double Curtain (GDC)
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Canopy Management Basics
R ti L f lliReactive- Leaf pulling
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Canopy Management Basics
Benefits of ProperBenefits of ProperCanopy ManagementCanopy Management
• Fruit Exposure • Vine Balance
• Uniform Ripening – Vigor management
• Bud Fruitfulness• Decreased Disease
• Increased Color
• Bud Fruitfulness
• Uniform Bud Break
• Decreased Acidity
I d V l il
• Uniform Shoot Vigor
E f h t• Increased Volatiles • Ease of harvest
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Basics of Canopy Management
The Goal!