the basics ofthe basics of vine training and …...the basics ofthe basics of vine training and...
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The Basics ofThe Basics ofVine Training and g
Canopy ManagementLaura Hunsberger
Extension Educator, Agriculture and Natural ResourcesWorcester County
Joseph A. Fiola, Ph.D.S i li t i Viti lt d S ll F it
ySnow Hill, MD
Specialist in Viticulture and Small FruitWestern Maryland REC
Keedysville, MD
“The Wine is made in the Vineyard”The Wine is made in the Vineyard
Vineyard Planting - April 6, 2001, St. Mary’s County
Bill Kirby
April 6, 2001
April 24, 2001
May, 2001
July, 2001
Ben Beale
Dorky headgear reappearsDorky headgear reappears
Upper Marlboro Field Day pp y7/25/2001
September, 2001
Canopy Management Basics
Early Vine TrainingEarly Vine TrainingStraight p!• Straight up!
• Keep graft union above ground• Keep off ground• Tie to stake• Tie to stake• 2 trunks• Trim off suckers and clusters• Eliminate weed competitionEliminate weed competition
Canopy Management Basics
Removeyoungyoungclusters
Canopy Management Basics
Grow tubes
G T bCanopy Management Basics
Grow TubesB fit Li it tiBenefits• Animal damage
Limitations• Cost
• Moisture• Herbicide
• Growth rateTrunk “twist”
• Growth rate• Replaces stake
• Promotes single trunkReplaces stake
• Physical protectiontrunk
• Diseases, insects• Remo al• Removal• Winter damage
The use of milk cartons is a d l t lt tigood, low cost alternative.
• It can disintegrate by the end It can disintegrate by the end of the season • Larger space allows for less g phumidity/moisture• >1 trunk
Canopy Management Basics
Train multiple trunks Train 2 trunksTrain multiple trunks Train 2 trunks
Young Vine TrainingCanopy Management Basics
Young Vine Training
Canopy Management Basics
The Goal = “Ripe grapes”
Canopy Management Basics
“Sunlight into Wine”Sunlight into WineGood Fruit Exposure
Canopy Management Basics
Light Exposure“Air” ExposureP i id EPesticide Exposure
Canopy Management Basics
Benefits of ProperBenefits of ProperCanopy ManagementCanopy Management
• Fruit Exposure • Vine Balance
• Uniform Ripening – Vigor management
• Bud Fruitfulness• Decreased Disease
• Increased Color
• Bud Fruitfulness
• Uniform Bud Break
• Decreased Acidity
I d V l il
• Uniform Shoot Vigor
E f h t• Increased Volatiles • Ease of harvest
Canopy Management Basics
Canopy Management Basics
Balance of vegetativeand reproductive vigorand reproductive vigor
Canopy Management Basics
Training System TermsR k• Rootstock• Sucker
• LeafBladeP i l• Scion/Variety
• TrunkPetiole
• Tendril• Bud
• Cordon• Cane
• Bud1o, 2o , 3o
• ClusterCane• Spur• Shoot
BerryRachis
• Shoot• Lateral
Training System TermsCanopy Management Basics
Training System Terms
Canopy Management Basics
Vertical
Lateral
Varietal growth habit
T i i S t TCanopy Management Basics
Training System Types• Single Canopies• Single Canopies
• “VSP” Vertical Shoot PositioningHi h C d T i i• High Cordon Training
• Split Canopies Vertical• Smart-Dyson• Scott-Henryy
• Split Canopies Horizontal• LyreLyre• Geneva Double Curtain “GDC”
Canopy Management Basics
Vertical Shoot PositioningVertical Shoot Positioning• Simple “I” trellis setup• Simple I trellis setup
• Easy and quick to establish
• Get into production quickly
• Easy maintenance during growing season
• Good for fruit exposureGood for fruit exposure
• Easy to harvest, hand or mechanical
• Easy to winter prune, cordon, or cane
Canopy Management Basics
Vertical Shoot PositioningVertical Shoot Positioning
Canopy Management Basics
“VSP V i l Sh P i i i“VSP - Vertical Shoot Positioning
Canopy Management Basics
Exposed fruit zone on uniform spaced shoots
Canopy Management Basics
Managed lateral growth
Canopy Management Basics
High Cordon TrainingHigh Cordon Training• Simple “I” trellis setupSimple I trellis setup
• Easy to establish
• Easy maintenance during growing season
G d f f it• Good for fruit exposure
• Lateral growing varietiesg g
• Easy to harvest, hand or mechanical
• Easy to winter prune, cordon, or cane
Canopy Management Basics
High Cordon TrainingHigh Cordon Training
Canopy Management Basics
Hi h C d T i iHigh Cordon Training
Canopy Management Basics
Smart-Dyson; Scott Henry• Manage high vigor
• Higher yield• Higher yield
• Maintain high quality
• Less shoot positioning and leaf pulling
• Good for fruit exposure
• Easy to harvest hand or mechanicalEasy to harvest, hand or mechanical
Canopy Management Basics
Horizontal Split Scott HenryHorizontal Split - Scott-Henry
Canopy Management Basics
Horizontal Split Smart DysonHorizontal Split – Smart-Dyson
Canopy Management Basics
Open Lyre;G D bl C t iGeneva Double Curtain
• Manage very high vigorManage very high vigor
• High yields
• Maintain high quality
G d f f i• Good for fruit exposure
• Can be mechanizedCan be mechanized
Canopy Management Basics
Lyre – Under and Inside
Canopy Management Basics
Geneva Double Curtain (GDC)Geneva Double Curtain (GDC)
Canopy Management Basics
R ti L f lliReactive- Leaf pulling
Canopy Management Basics
Benefits of ProperBenefits of ProperCanopy ManagementCanopy Management
• Fruit Exposure • Vine Balance
• Uniform Ripening – Vigor management
• Bud Fruitfulness• Decreased Disease
• Increased Color
• Bud Fruitfulness
• Uniform Bud Break
• Decreased Acidity
I d V l il
• Uniform Shoot Vigor
E f h t• Increased Volatiles • Ease of harvest
Basics of Canopy Management
The Goal!