Download - THE BIOSPHERE CH. 3
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THE BIOSPHERECH. 3
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I. ECOLOGY IS:THE INTERACTIONS OF BIOTIC WORLD WITH THE ABIOTIC WORLD.
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•ABIOTIC - “PERTAINING TO THE NONLIVING WORLD.”•EX. ?
•BIOTIC - “PERTAINING TO THE LIVING WORLD.”•EX. ?
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ECOSYSTEM -•“Where the abiotic meets the biotic.”•Ex. - your backyard, campus, neck of a dog….&•Nemo’s backyard!!!
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II. Biotic Parts of an Ecosystem
A. Producers/ autotrophs …
B. Ex…
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EXCEPTION TO THE RULE!!!
•SOME AUTOTROPHS CAN “MAKE FOOD”
WITHOUT LIGHT.•CHEMOSYNTHESIS IS THE
USE OF INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
SUCH AS HYDROGEN SULFIDE TO MAKE FOOD FOR ENERGY.
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•B. Consumers/heterotrophs …
Types of consumers:Primary consumers
(Herbivores)Secondary cons.
(Omnivores)Tertiary cons.
(Carnivores)
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C. DecomposersPrimary Detritivore –
Feed on detritus – dead plants/animals, fecal
wastesEx. Earthworms, bacteria,
fungi
Secondary detritivore – feed on Prim. Detritivore
Ex. Millipedes, insect larvae
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So the order is.... Prod. --> Prim. Cons. -->
Sec. Cons. --> Tert. Cons. --> Decomp. --> Prod..........
And everything repeats!!
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Food Chain - indicates a single flow of NRG through the ecosystemEx. ?
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Food Web - indicates the flow of NRG throughout the entire ecosystem
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Figure 3-8 A Food Web
Go to Section:
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III. Energy Pyramid Shows “how much” nrg and nutrients are available in the ecosystem.
“Big at the bottom!Small at the top!!”
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The available amount of nrg
decreases as it “moves” up to the top. Each level is called a trophic
level. Most of the nrg is lost as heat.
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Biomass pyramid shows-
total weight of all organisms at each trophic level.Decrease is because much of the biomass is:
–used as NRG, instead of becoming tissue, &
–Broken down by decomposers.
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IV. What Shapes an Ecosystem?
•The interaction between: a. abiotic factors,
b. biotic factors, & c. abiotic & biotic
factors together.
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A. Habitat - “where an organism lives”
–Ex. Pond, under a rock, on tree bark...
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B. Niche - “what an organism does”
Ex. Eats leaves, feeds on dead animals...
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Organisms, whether the same or different, must interact within their ecological community.
This is Symbiosis.
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V. Symbiosis - “pertaining to living together”1. Mutualism - both are
benefitting.
Ex. ??
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2. Commensalism - one benefits &
one gains nothing. Ex. ??
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3. Parasitism - one benefits (parasite) & one is harmed (host)
Ex. ??
Tomato hornworm & wasp pupae
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4. Competition - two or more organisms competing for limited resources.
Ex. ??
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The End!!
5. Predation - one being “chased” & one doing the “chasing”
Ex. ??