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MAP PROJECTIONS
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Representing the Earth: Globes
Is a globe more accurate than a map?
A globe is shaped like the Earth and provides a true picture of the size and shape of landmasses and of distances across land masses.
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CARTOGRAPHY
The creation of maps including projection and design.
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West Wing Clip“Nothing’s where it seems to be.”
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Representing the Earth: Maps
All maps distort the Earth in some way, because maps are flat and the Earth is round.
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What are Map Projections?
Ways of representing the Earth on a flat surface.
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6 Types of Map Projections:1)Mercator 2)Interrupted 3)Peters Projection4)Robinson Projection5)Conic6)Azimuthal
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1) Mercator Projection
Advantages:Shows direction accuratelyAccurate view of land areas near the EquatorDisadvantages:Distorts the size and shape of lands near the North and South polesExample: Greenland is only 1/8th the size of South America, but Greenland appears larger than South America
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Mercator Projection
Greenland
South America
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2) Interrupted ProjectionAdvantages:Shows correct sizes and shapes of landmasses
Disadvantages:Cuts out parts of oceans, cannot measure distances accurately and cannot plot a course across an ocean
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3) Peters Projection
Advantages:Shows the correct areas of landmasses and oceansDirections are accurateDisadvantages:Distorts the shapes of Africa and South America they appear longer and thinner than they really are
AfricaSouth America
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4) Robinson ProjectionAdvantages:• Correct sizes and
shapes of most landmasses
• Fairly accurate- sizes and shapes of landmasses
• Accurately shows sizes of oceans and distances across land
Disadvantages:• Distorts regions along
edges
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5) ConicDistances true only along standard parallels; reasonably accurate elsewhere in limited regions.
Directions are reasonably accurate.
Distortion of shapes and areas minimal at, but increases away from standard parallels.
Shapes on large-scale maps of small areas are essentially true.
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6) Azimuthal
Advantage: shows correct distances between places when taken from the center point of the projection
Disadvantage: distances from all other points are incorrect, and areas and shapes get distorted the more one moves away from the center of the projection.
Often used in air navigation
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Do Now:
Which representation of the Earth is more accurate: globes or maps? Why?
True or False: All map projections are distorted.
What are the 6 types of map projections?
What is one advantage and one disadvantages of each map projection?
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Do Now: Mercator Projection
In reality: Greenland is 1/8th the size of South America.How does the Mercator map distort Greenland?
Greenland
South America
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Do Now:Interrupted Projection
Why would sailors have trouble navigating the oceans using an interrupted projection?
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Do Now: Peters ProjectionHow do the shapes of Africa and South America on the Peters Projection compare with the actual shapes of Africa and South America?
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Do Now: Robinson Projection
What is a disadvantage of the Robinson Projection?