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The integrated approach to urban development in EU regional policy
Corinne Hermant-de CallataÿCompetence centre for urban and territorial development, Directorate-General "Regional and urban policy"European Commission
URBACT Pilot training scheme - Brussels 9/4/2013
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1.
Initial milestones and next steps
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ERDF support to urban development
• Urban Pilot Projects (1989-99) • The URBAN I Community initiative (1994-1999)• The URBAN II Community Initiative (2000-2006)• The mainstreaming of URBAN in Operational
Programmes
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The URBAN experience
Following principles: The integrated approach Time focus “Spatial” focus: specific areas
Initial focus on urban regeneration and on addressing socially-deprived areas
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Programme (Management)
The integratedapproach
Average 40%on “hard”investments
Urban Regeneration
Skills devtEducationTraining
Sustainableenvironment
MobilityTransport
FinancialEngineering
Socialinclusion
Safety
Socio-Economic
Development
Culture
Urban dimensions
Good governance – Social participation
Collaborative networks
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The urban dimensionof next cohesion policy (2014-2020)
(1)
• 5% minimum to be earmarked for sustainableurban development
• Urban innovative actions (330 million euros)
• An Urban Development Platform/Network, which would complement URBACT activities.
• The urban dimension of sectoral investments(clean urban transport, urban environment, etc.)
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The urban dimensionof next cohesion policy (2014-2020)
(2)New instruments
• Integrated Territorial Investment
• Community-Led Local Development
Other instruments
• Reference Framework for Sustainable Citieswww.rfsc.eu
• Urban Atlas / urban audit
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2.
The various dimensionsof integration
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Working Working with …
La coopération horizontale conflictuelle (depuis la fin du 19ème siècle)
FragmentedTerritories
Horizontal cooperation Cooperation between local authorities and territorialactorsMétropole intégrée, pôle métropolitain, région rurbaine, Groupement européen de coopération territoriale GECT
Pôle métropolitain
Source: Claude JACQUIER
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La coopération conflictuelle verticale (depuis la fin des années 60)
Hierarchic approachSpecialised approach«Feuilleté»
Cooperation between levels
SubsidiarityMulti-levels contracts
Working Working with
Source: Claude JACQUIER
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La coopération conflictuelle transversale (depuis les années 90)
Sectorial approachSilo approach
intersectorial Cooperation
Transversal approachPartnership
Des trois coopérations, la plus difficile à mettre en œuvre : confrontation de diverses identités professionnelles et culturelles,mais aussi de routines, de corporatismes et de bureaucraties.
Working Working with …
Source: Claude JACQUIER
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… entre gouvernement et gouvernance
Villes
Etat
Régions
Européen
Quartier
Métropolitain
Macro-régionalTransfrontalier
Nouveaux niveauxNiveaux traditionnels
Adapté de Claude Jacquier, 2010
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Organisations fonctionnellesContourner les rigidités et construire des réformesHier
Territoires polarisésOrganisation fonctionnelle
Politiques "Hardware"
Etat central
Province
Commune
Maintenantet peut-être dans le futur
Transition
VecteursDéveloppement intégré
soutenable
Opérateurs de transitionPolitiques Integrées
Politiques cohésion sociale
SDEC, Agenda 21PIC URBAN, INTERREG
Politiques régionalesDOCUP, POInterreg
Politiques nationales
(Programmes Grandes villes
Politique de la ville,
Soziale Stadt, ...)PIC Urban, Agenda 21
Programmes locaux
de développement
DemainTerritoires homogènes
Organisationstratégique
Politiques "Software"
Union européenne
Régionstransfrontalières
Régions nationales
Régions rurbainesAires
métropolitaines
Communautésde base
Source: Claude JACQUIER
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WORKING WITH on the basis of:Shared diagnosisA long-term vision
(ref: ‘Cities of tomorrow’ report)http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/conferences/citiesoftomorrow/index_en.cfm
In addition
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Transform risks in opportunities
Source: Tova Svanfeldt
An example of shared diagnosis
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Awhile addressing interrelations between challenges recognising and overcoming contradictions
Photos: Ivan Tosics
A long-term vision
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3.
Examples of 50 ERDF-fundedurban development
in 2007-2013
Results and recommendations
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The Commission has published a study on European Regional Development Fund projects.
'Urban development in the EU' presents 50 projects which received ERDF investment.
It offers an information package for selected cities, with detailed information on projects and results there.http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/activity/urban/goodpracticemap_en.cfm
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Article 8 of the ERDF regulation (2007-2013)
Sustainable urban development
[…] the ERDF may, where appropriate, support thedevelopment of participative, integrated and sustainable strategiesto tackle the high concentration of economic, environmentaland social problems affecting urban areas.
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These strategies shall promote sustainable urban developmentthrough activities such as:
• strengthening economic growth, • the rehabilitation of the physical environment, • brownfield redevelopment,• the preservation and development of natural
and cultural heritage,• the promotion of entrepreneurship, • local employment and community development, • and the provision of services to the population
taking account of changing demographic structures.
[…]
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Results of projects under the "integrated approach"
• Under Article 8, up to 15% of project can be used for ESF-type actions. However, cross-financing opportunity has been adopted only occasionally.
• Integration takes mainly two forms:
• horizontal, which brings together policies in an area,
• vertical, which brings together different levels of government
• Importance of national policies and programmes: integrated approaches can impact more efficiently on cities where issues of local deprivation are related to political, economic, social and environmental dynamics at higher governance levels.
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Recommendations 1
• Build national integrated urban policies to serve as a framework for supporting cities to implement integrated urban development strategies
• Managing authorities can make a major contribution by setting requirements for enhancing integration of policies at all levels
• Facilitate cross-sectoral planning for the use of resources from different funds and programmes on local level
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Recommendations 2
• Deeper evaluation of short and long-term impacts of integrated approaches are needed.
• How much were the life chances of residents improved?
• Did the project succeeded in reducing inequalities?
• Were these problems displaced elsewhere in the city?