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THE INTEGUMENTARY
SYSTEMBody Membranes & Skin
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TYPES OF MEMBRANESEpithelial Membranes – includes layer of epithelial
cells and connective tissue➢Serous
➢Cutaneous
➢Mucous
Connective Tissue Membranes – solely connective tissue➢Synovial
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SEROUS MEMBRANES
• Line body cavities that have no openings to outside world
• Secrete watery fluid – serous fluid•Serves as a lubricant to
minimize friction, “wear and tear”
• Simple squamous epithelial tissue + loose CT
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MUCOUS MEMBRANE
• Line cavities that lead to outside.
•Secrete mucus for protection.
•Epithelium + Loose CT
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CUTANEOUS MEMBRANE•Skin
•Stratified squamous epithelium over dense fibrous connective tissue
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SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE• Line the capsules
that surround synovial joints•Shoulder, knee
• Line tendon sheaths
•Secrete clear synovial fluid•Provides cushion and reduces friction
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FUNCTIONS OF SKIN• From Latin work integumentum meaning
“covering”
• Includes cutaneous membrane, sweat and oil glands, nails, and hair
• Protective covering from injuries
• Acts as barrier and regulates what enters/leaves body.
• Regulates body temperature.
• Synthesizes and stores vitamins.
• Sensory functions
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EPIDERMIS5 layers of tissue
1.Stratum corneum
2.Stratum lucidum
3.Stratum granulosum
4.Stratum spinosum
5.Stratum basale
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STRATUM BASALE• Lowest epidermal
layer, near dermis
• Good nutrient supply
• Reproduces by mitosis
• Cuboidal, columnar in shape
• Moves to upper epidermis in 27 days.
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STRATUM SPINOSUM
• Living cells
•Dividing
• 8-10 cells thick
•Polygonal in appearance
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STRATUM GRANULOSUM
• Poor nutrient supply
• Flattened layer of cells
• 3-5 cells thick
• No cell division
• Keratin accumulates
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STRATUM LUCIDUM
•Found only in very thick skin
• Translucent
•Highly keratinized
•Dead cells
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STRATUM CORNEUM
• 25-30 cells thick
• Cells are filled with keratin and hardened
• Sloughed off
• Outermost layer of epidermis
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DERMIS• Dense fibrous connective tissue
• Collagen and elastic fibers
Papillary layer
• Outer layer• Touch & pain • Dermal papillae - fingerprints
• Reticular layer
• Under papillary• Irregular fibers• Blood, sweat & oil glands, hair follicles, nerve
endings
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HYPODERMIS• Fibrous connective tissue
• Adipose tissue – fat cells
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SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS• Sweat glands
• Eccrine•Most common
•Secretion is mostly water with solutes
•Cools body down
• Apocrine•Larger than eccrine
•Develops scent as bacteria metabolize secretion
•Empty into hair follicles
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SEBACEOUS GLANDS
• All over body except palms and soles of feet
• Produce sebum•Keeps skin and hair
soft
•Kills bacteria
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HAIR
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Melanocyte
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INJURIES OF THE SKIN•Decubitus Ulcers
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INJURIES OF THE SKIN
•Burns•1st, 2nd, 3rd degree
•Rule of nine’s•Estimate the extent of burned tissue
•100% of body
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VIRAL INFECTIONS • Herpes – small,
painful, blister like sores
• Herpes Varicella – chickenpox
• Herpes Zoster – shingles (adult chickenpox)
• Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1) – cold sores
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VIRAL INFECTIONS •Human
Papillomavirus (HPV) – warts
•Plantar warts – foot •Grow inward
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FUNGAL INFECTIONS
• Tinea •Athlete’s Foot
•Jock Itch
•Ringworm
•Toenail Fungus
• Areas that are moist
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BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
• Impetigo
• Pink blister like bumps
• Usually on face
• School aged children
• Cellulitis
• Inflamed area of skin
• Red, swollen, painful
• Origin – open wound
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INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS
• Pleurisy• Inflammation of pleura
that line chest cavity
• Peritonitis• Inflammation of
peritoneum that lines abdomen
• Psoriasis•Thick red skin with flaky
silver-white patches
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CANCERS OF THE SKIN
• Basal Cell Carcinoma•Most common, least
malignant
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma
• Malignant Melanoma •Most serious form
•ABCD rule
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Acne Article Questions• What is hair made of?
• What are pilosebaceous units, and why are they important?
• Acne occurs when what happens?
• What causes acne?
• Acne is most common in what population?
• Name 3 things that can cause acne or make it worse?
• What is a comedo?
• List and describe two different treatments for acne.
• How can you protect your face/ minimize the effects of acne?
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TERM DEFINITION
Superior
Inferior
Anterior (ventral)
Posterior (dorsal)
Medial
Lateral
Proximal
Distal
Superficial
Deep
•Define the terms below by filling out the box to the right of each directional term.