the integumentary system - bfhsemory · 2018-08-31 · integumentary system body membranes &...
TRANSCRIPT
THE INTEGUMENTARY
SYSTEMBody Membranes & Skin
TYPES OF MEMBRANESEpithelial Membranes – includes layer of epithelial
cells and connective tissue➢Serous
➢Cutaneous
➢Mucous
Connective Tissue Membranes – solely connective tissue➢Synovial
SEROUS MEMBRANES
• Line body cavities that have no openings to outside world
• Secrete watery fluid – serous fluid•Serves as a lubricant to
minimize friction, “wear and tear”
• Simple squamous epithelial tissue + loose CT
MUCOUS MEMBRANE
• Line cavities that lead to outside.
•Secrete mucus for protection.
•Epithelium + Loose CT
CUTANEOUS MEMBRANE•Skin
•Stratified squamous epithelium over dense fibrous connective tissue
SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE• Line the capsules
that surround synovial joints•Shoulder, knee
• Line tendon sheaths
•Secrete clear synovial fluid•Provides cushion and reduces friction
FUNCTIONS OF SKIN• From Latin work integumentum meaning
“covering”
• Includes cutaneous membrane, sweat and oil glands, nails, and hair
• Protective covering from injuries
• Acts as barrier and regulates what enters/leaves body.
• Regulates body temperature.
• Synthesizes and stores vitamins.
• Sensory functions
EPIDERMIS5 layers of tissue
1.Stratum corneum
2.Stratum lucidum
3.Stratum granulosum
4.Stratum spinosum
5.Stratum basale
STRATUM BASALE• Lowest epidermal
layer, near dermis
• Good nutrient supply
• Reproduces by mitosis
• Cuboidal, columnar in shape
• Moves to upper epidermis in 27 days.
STRATUM SPINOSUM
• Living cells
•Dividing
• 8-10 cells thick
•Polygonal in appearance
STRATUM GRANULOSUM
• Poor nutrient supply
• Flattened layer of cells
• 3-5 cells thick
• No cell division
• Keratin accumulates
STRATUM LUCIDUM
•Found only in very thick skin
• Translucent
•Highly keratinized
•Dead cells
STRATUM CORNEUM
• 25-30 cells thick
• Cells are filled with keratin and hardened
• Sloughed off
• Outermost layer of epidermis
DERMIS• Dense fibrous connective tissue
• Collagen and elastic fibers
Papillary layer
• Outer layer• Touch & pain • Dermal papillae - fingerprints
• Reticular layer
• Under papillary• Irregular fibers• Blood, sweat & oil glands, hair follicles, nerve
endings
HYPODERMIS• Fibrous connective tissue
• Adipose tissue – fat cells
SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS• Sweat glands
• Eccrine•Most common
•Secretion is mostly water with solutes
•Cools body down
• Apocrine•Larger than eccrine
•Develops scent as bacteria metabolize secretion
•Empty into hair follicles
SEBACEOUS GLANDS
• All over body except palms and soles of feet
• Produce sebum•Keeps skin and hair
soft
•Kills bacteria
HAIR
Melanocyte
INJURIES OF THE SKIN•Decubitus Ulcers
INJURIES OF THE SKIN
•Burns•1st, 2nd, 3rd degree
•Rule of nine’s•Estimate the extent of burned tissue
•100% of body
VIRAL INFECTIONS • Herpes – small,
painful, blister like sores
• Herpes Varicella – chickenpox
• Herpes Zoster – shingles (adult chickenpox)
• Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1) – cold sores
VIRAL INFECTIONS •Human
Papillomavirus (HPV) – warts
•Plantar warts – foot •Grow inward
FUNGAL INFECTIONS
• Tinea •Athlete’s Foot
•Jock Itch
•Ringworm
•Toenail Fungus
• Areas that are moist
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
• Impetigo
• Pink blister like bumps
• Usually on face
• School aged children
• Cellulitis
• Inflamed area of skin
• Red, swollen, painful
• Origin – open wound
INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS
• Pleurisy• Inflammation of pleura
that line chest cavity
• Peritonitis• Inflammation of
peritoneum that lines abdomen
• Psoriasis•Thick red skin with flaky
silver-white patches
CANCERS OF THE SKIN
• Basal Cell Carcinoma•Most common, least
malignant
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma
• Malignant Melanoma •Most serious form
•ABCD rule
Acne Article Questions• What is hair made of?
• What are pilosebaceous units, and why are they important?
• Acne occurs when what happens?
• What causes acne?
• Acne is most common in what population?
• Name 3 things that can cause acne or make it worse?
• What is a comedo?
• List and describe two different treatments for acne.
• How can you protect your face/ minimize the effects of acne?
TERM DEFINITION
Superior
Inferior
Anterior (ventral)
Posterior (dorsal)
Medial
Lateral
Proximal
Distal
Superficial
Deep
•Define the terms below by filling out the box to the right of each directional term.