THE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF AOMDV PROTOCOL BY VARYING
NODE MOBILITY SPEED AND PAUSE TIME
AHMAD AKMAL BIN AHMAD JOHARI
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
(COMPUTER NETWORK SECURITY) WITH HONORS
FACULTY OF INFORMATICS AND COMPUTING
UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN, TERENGGANU , MALAYSIA
2019
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DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this report is based on my original work except for quotations and
citation, which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has been previously
or concurrently submitted for any other degree at Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin or
other institutions.
Signature : ………………………………......
Name : Ahmad Akmal Bin Ahmad Johari
Date :
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APPROVAL
This thesis titled Performance Analysis of AOMDV by Varying Node Mobility Speed
and Pause Time was prepared and submitted by Ahmad Akmal bin Ahmad Johari
(Matric Number: BTBL17047367) and has been found satisfactory in terms of scope,
quality and presentation as partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Banchelor of
Computer Science (Computer Network Security) with Honor in University Sultan
Zainal Abidin.
Signature : …………………………………
Supervisor : Dr. Nor Aida Binti Mahiddin
Date :
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate all praise is
to Allah, and prayers and peace be upon Mohamed His servant and messenger. Praise
to Allah, for blessing and giving me the opportunity to undergo and complete my
proposal for final year project title, Performance Analysis of AOMDV by Varying
Node Mobility Speed and Pause Time.
I am grateful to some people, who worked so hard with me from the beginning
until the completion of this project. Here, I would like to express my heartiest
gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Nor Aida Binti Mahiddin for her outstanding
teachings, kindness, unbelievable patience, and excellent ideas toward this project.
Without her generosity, it is impossible for me to finish this project efficiently. I
would like to take this opportunity to say warm thanks to my family members, who
has been my source of inspiration and game me strength when I thought of giving up,
who always been there in my hard and easy time, may Allah protect and blesses them.
Lastly, thank you to all my beloved friends, who have been so supportive along the
way of doing my project and to all my lectures who taught me throughout my
education from Semester 1 until graduated.
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ABSTRACT
Mobile ad hoc network, MANET is a collection of independent mobile nodes
that can communicate with each other via radio wave which is autonomous
decentralized where each node is free to move anywhere at any time to form a network
without the use of a network infrastructure or any centralized administration. MANET
is capable of providing the Ad-hoc network facilities in the absence of any infrastructure
due to absence of electrical energy supply and situation where rapid implementation of
network would be essential to co-ordinate the effort of emergency services and rescue
operation. This paper investigate the performance of Ad-hoc Multipath Distance Vector
(AOMDV) Routing Protocol. AOMDV is also called On-demand routing protocol an
enhance version of AODV routing protocol. The main difference lies in the number of
nodes in discovery route. However, analysis of performances of AOMDV and AODV
routing protocol based on mobility speed with different pause time. Performance
metrics considered in the study are throughput, packet delivery ratio and packet delay.
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ABSTRAK
Rangkaian ad hoc mudah alih, MANET adalah koleksi nod mudah alih bebas
yang boleh berkomunikasi antara satu sama lain melalui gelombang radio yang
bersifat autentik di mana setiap node bebas bergerak di mana saja pada bila-bila masa
untuk membentuk rangkaian tanpa menggunakan infrastruktur rangkaian atau mana-
mana pentadbiran terpusat. MANET mampu menyediakan kemudahan jaringan Ad-
hoc dengan tidak adanya infrastruktur apapun akibat ketiadaan bekalan tenaga listrik
dan keadaan di mana pelaksanaan jaringan yang cepat akan menjadi penting untuk
menyelaraskan upaya layanan kecemasan dan operasi penyelamatan. Makalah ini
menyiasat prestasi Protokol Routing Jarak Varian Multipath Adhoc (AOMDV).
AOMDV juga dipanggil protokol routing On-demand versi peningkatan protokol
routing AODV. Perbezaan utama terletak pada bilangan nod dalam laluan penemuan.
Walau bagaimanapun, analisis prestasi protokol routing AOMDV dan AODV
berdasarkan kelajuan mobiliti dengan masa jeda yang berbeza. Metrik prestasi yang
dipertimbangkan dalam kajian adalah penghantaran, nisbah penghantaran paket dan
kelewatan paket.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION ......................................................................................................... II
APPROVAL ............................................................................................................... III
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ......................................................................................... IV
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................. V
ABSTRAK .................................................................................................................. VI
TABLE OF CONTENT ........................................................................................... VII
LIST OF TABLE .................................................................................................... VIII
LIST OF FIGURE ..................................................................................................... IX
CHAPTER 1 ................................................................................................................. 1
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Background Project ........................................................................................... 1
1.1.1 Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) ........................................................... 3
1.1.2 Classification of Routing Protocol.............................................................. 5
1.1.3 Ad-Hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector AOMDV ..................... 7
1.2 Problem Statement ........................................................................................... 10
1.3 Objective ............................................................................................................ 10
1.4 Scope .................................................................................................................. 11
1.5 Limitation of Work .......................................................................................... 11
1.6 Summary ........................................................................................................... 12
CHAPTER 2 ............................................................................................................... 13
LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................................... 13
2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 13
2.2 Related Work .................................................................................................... 14
2.3 Summary ........................................................................................................... 19
CHAPTER 3 ............................................................................................................... 20
3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 20
3.2 Research of Methodology ................................................................................ 20
3.3 Simulation ......................................................................................................... 22
3.4 Project Framework .......................................................................................... 24
3.5 Project Flowchart ............................................................................................. 25
3.6 Summary ........................................................................................................... 27
REFERENCE ............................................................................................................. 28
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LIST OF TABLE
Table 3.1 ................................................................................................................. 23
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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1.1 Infrastructure Based Network ......................................................... 2
FIGURE 1.2 Infrastructure Less Network ............................................................ 2
FIGURE 1.3 Example of MANET .......................................................................... 3
FIGURE 1.4 MANET With Three Participating Nodes ...................................... 4
FIGURE 1.5 Classification Routing Protocols ..................................................... 5
FIGURE 1.6 Route Discovery of AOMDV ............................................................ 7
FIGURE 1.7 Route Maintenance of AOMDV ....................................................... 8
FIGURE 3.1 Research Methodology .................................................................... 21
FIGURE 3.2 OMNet++ Simulation Tool ............................................................. 23
FIGURE 3.3 InetManet Framework .................................................................... 23
FIGURE 3.4 Framework of Mobility Speed ........................................................ 24
FIGURE 3.5 Flowchart of AOMDV Routing Protocol....................................... 26
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background Project
Network Components in a wireless network communicate with each other using
wireless channels. The use of wireless networks has become more and more popular.
Based on the type of network infrastructure used for communication, wireless
communication network are categorized into two types:
• Infrastructured networks
• Infrastructured-less networks
I. Infrastuctured Networks:
An infrastructure network consists of mobile wireless nodes and one or more
bridges that connect the wireless network to the wired network, as shown in figure
1.1. The bridges are referred to as stations of base. A network mobile node scans and
connects with the closest base station.
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Figure 1.1 INFRASTRUCTURE BASED NETWORK
II. Infrastructured-less Network
In Contrast to infrastructure networks, every network node serves as a router,
as well as host. The topology of the network is dynamic because the communication
between nodes changes over time due to node enhancements. There is no base or
access point. Nodes will interact by creating a multi-hope track as shown in figure 1.2.
Consequently, an effective routing protocol is needed to allow nodes to communicate
on multi-hop routes without an entry point. Due to various diverse hurdles, these
networks have difficulties in understanding and reacting. Mobile ad-hoc networks are
a kind of fewer network infrastructure for mobile device and laptop nodes.
FIGURE 1.2 INFRASCRUCTURE LESS NETWORK
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1.1.1 Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET)
Figure 1.3 Example of MANET
Mobile ad hoc (MANET) is a network of mobile wireless computers (or
nodes), where nodes agree with packets to allow them to communicate outside of the
range. Ad hoc networks do not require central or fixed network infrastructures such as
base stations or access points, and they can be installed quickly and cost-efficiently as
necessary.
Easy and fast deployment of wireless networks will be expected by the future
generation wireless systems. This fast network deployment is not possible with the
existing structure of present wireless systems. Recent developments, including
Bluetooth, have led to a new form of wireless system known as mobile ad-hoc
networks. Mobile ad-hoc networks or "short live" networks monitor permanent
infrastructure inexistence.
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MANET is an ad-hoc wireless network and a self-configuring network of
mobile (and related) wireless network routers which is united by arbitrary topologies.
The routers, which are the participating nodes, can move randomly and manage
themselves at random, so that the wireless topology of the network can change quickly
and unpredictably. Such a network can either operate independently or be linked to the
wider Internet.
Mobile ad-hoc network is an independent collection of mobile nodes that can
be interconnected by radio waves. Mobile nodes can communicate directly to the
radio nodes, while other nodes need the aid of intermediate nodes to relay packets.
Such networks are entirely distributed and can operate without any kind of
infrastructure at any place. This makes the networks extremely robust. In Figure 1.4,
indicates that nodes 1 and 3 must discover the route through 2 in order to
communicate. The circles show the formal range of the radio transceiver of every
node. Nodes 1 and 3 are not directly transmitted, since 1 is not covered by 3 circles.
FIGURE 1.4 MANET with Three Participating Nodes
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1.1.2 Classification of Routing Protocol
MANET is routing dynamically. Dynamic routing means it depends primarily
on the state. Routing protocols can be categorized into three types as Table-driven or
Proactive Routing protocol, On-Demand or reactive routing protocol and hybrid
routing protocol as shown in figure 1.5 below.
Figure 1.5 Classification Routing Protocols
Proactive protocols are table-driven protocols where all nodes’ routing is
consistent and also always up-to-date. Reactive protocols vary from proactive protocol
because it is on-demand routing protocol. The routes in reactive protocols will not be
maintained before the routing packets are transferred. AOMDV are reactive protocols,
it is an improvement to the protocol for computing several loop-free and link-disjoint
paths for Ad-hoc On Request Distance Vectors (AODV) and more in the next section.
Ultimately, the dual routing protocol incorporates constructive and reactive protocols.
Classification of Routing
Protocols
Proactive Reactive Hybrid
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The single routing protocols only find a single path between a pair of sources.
In case of any road break, a new discovery of roads is necessary. Route discovery and
maintenance phases are the basis for single routing protocols. A route is found among
any source destination pair in route discovery. Maintenance phase involves the
reparation of a broken road or a new route in the event of a failure of the road. The
most common single path routing protocol AODV protocol.
In multipath routing, between any source-destination pair more than one route
is sought and used. The tolerance to faults and load balance are given. An alternative
path can be used for failure and the necessary route exploration can therefore be
delayed. Road discovery, road allocation and road maintenance phases consist of
multi-path routing protocols. The exploration step of the path is to discover several
disjoined nodes or connect disjointed routes between any pair of sources. In the
process of traffic distribution, source sends data on various paths to the destination. In
case of connection and/or node breakdown, the route maintenance process consists of
locating routes. AOMDV is the example of multipath routing protocols.
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1.1.3 Ad-Hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) Routing
Protocol
AOMDV stands for Ad-hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector Routing
protocol. The AOMDV extension is an AODV multipath extension. Several routes
between source and destination are identified in AOMDV protocols. This provides
alternative routes for a malfunction of the route. In AOMDV protocols new route
discovery is needed when all the routes fail. Multipath routing in AOMDV protocol is
an advantage of standard routing in which the demand in the network can be managed
and congestion avoided and reliability improves.
Figure 1.6 Route Discovery of AOMDV
AOMDV is designed on the basis of an AODV routing protocol that uses a
route discovery method. The source node floods the network with a Route Request
(RREQ) message labelled with a specific sequence number to destination.
Intermediate nodes can send a Route Response (RREP) message to the source node if
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the message is not sent via a correct and fresh route to the destination. Intermediate
nodes must delete redundant RREQ communications. When the first RREQ message
arrives at the target node, the RREP message is sent back to the source node along the
reverse direction created by intermediate nodes during the process of discovery. All
submitted RREQ repeat messages are discarded at destination. AODV's problem, it
constructs a one-way route to the destination. If this route fails, it will take another
route discovery. AOMDV is developed with the same path discovery process to set up
multiple routes to the destination. AOMDV uses the redundant RREQ messages to
create multiple routes in the root and intermediate nodes. Destination node sends
RREP messages from a different hop to each RREQ message received. In order to
detect link breaks, AOMDV uses HELLO messages.
Figure 1.7 Route Maintenance of AOMDV
To maintain a fresh status of disjoint paths, Hello notes are regularly
transmitted by neighbours to preserve a fresh state between disjointed routes. The
expired duration of contact to neighbours is extended when these signals are received.
When no communications have been received, these neighbours can no longer be
accessed and a path connection between source and destination is therefore not linked.
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Multiple reasons can cause links failure (network congestion, node mobility or power
failure, etc. To recover from a link failure, a Route maintenance procedure is
launched. The route maintenance consists of sending a Route Error message RERR
backward to the source node. The source node selects another secondary path for
packet transmission. The best available path among the alternative paths is chosen.
When all the alternative paths fail, the source restarts the route discovery process
again. Figure 1.7 shows the REER flood in network
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1.2 Problem Statement
In mobile ad-hoc networks, one of the characteristic are nodes may frequently
change their position across the network. This movement can lead to changes in the
connection between the nodes in MANET especially in a reactive routing protocol
such as AOMDV. Therefore, it contributes to excessive overhead routing due to the
creation of some redundant routes in the routing table. AOMDV has more message
overhead during route discovery due to increased flooding and since it is a multipath
routing protocol, the destination replies to the multiple RREQs those results are in
longer overhead. There may be more congestion due to RREQ and RREP messages.
1.3 Objective
This thesis’ main objective is to address the problem statement through the
suggested MANET AOMDV routing protocol. This project therefore focuses
primarily on the following objectives:
III. To study the AOMDV routing protocol in MANET.
IV. To implement the AOMDV routing protocol in MANET by using OMNet++
simulation tools.
V. To modified the AOMDV routing protocol by varying node mobility speed
and pause time.
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VI. To analyze and examine the performance of parameter of AOMDV compare
to AODV routing protocol
1.4 Scopes
The scopes in this thesis are to evaluate the AOMDV routing protocol’s
performance in terms of throughput, packet delivery ratio (PDR) and packet delay
based on different speed mobility with different pause time on the constant nodes.
1.5 Limitation of Works
MANET cannot be used in the real-world experiment since this project only
runs on the simulation network, OMNet++. In real-life experiment, the network could
not be implemented because:
I. A very high cost is needed because there are more nodes required in a
large field such as disaster or military area. There are more nodes that need
to prepare which may lead to high cost to afford them.
II. Normal operating system software indications that are not present in
MANET node when linked in infrastructure mode, it can be difficult to
maintain a stable connection without the ability to monitor the intensity of
the signals, particularly when the MANET devices change their position.
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III. Take a long time to set up on MANET. The coverage area for MANET is
broad in the real-life setting. For example, disaster areas such as floods,
can take a few days to prepare the network.
1.6 Summary
This chapter has been discussing the introduction on MANET, the problem
statement of AOMDV routing protocol, the objective, scope and limitation of the
project. The next chapter will discuss literature review which referring to previous
research paper and journal articles that are related to the project. Thus, it is
encouraging and motivating to develop this research as a great effort to bring some
contribution to society.
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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
In this chapter, as a literature review, few research papers related to the project
are chosen. Data and information are gathered to give a better understanding of how
the process works and how it profits from the initiative.
As defined in chapter 1, the concept of routing protocol in MANET is clearly
stated. AOMDV routing protocol is a reactive protocol that establishes the multi-path
route information when the source node wants the packet to be passed. Because of the
unpredictable mobility speed, however, link breakage can occur. Different speed
mobility and pause time are implemented in AOMDV routing protocol and
performance metrics are observed to solve this problem.
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2.2 Related Work
The performance analysis of varying mobility speed of the network is
proposed to this project in order to determine the optimal node speed and to find the
other simulation parameter such as pause time in AOMDV routing protocol.
In a research paper “AOMDV protocols in MANETS: A Review” by Preeti
Aggrarwal, and Er Pranab Garg. (2016). According to the particular paper, they
studied the various aspects of AOMDV protocol. After studying the various aspects of
pros and cons in AOMDV, they have concluded that AOMDV has many advantages
but there are some shortcomings in AOMDV which needs to be improved to improve
the performance of Manet.
This recent research paper written by G. Shankara Rao, E. Jagadeeswararo,
and U. Jyothsna Priyanka with their title “Performance Analysis of Manet Routing
Protocols – DSDV, DSR, AODV, AOMDV using NS-2”. This paper determine the
performances of Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Routing (DSDV), Dynamic
Source Routing (DSR), Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Ad hoc On-
demand Multi-path Distance Vector (AOMDV) protocols based on the Quality of
Service metrics i.e., Packet Delivery Ratio, Packet Loss, Delay, Control Packet
Overhead and Throughput using the Network Simulator (ns-2). Authors also
presenting functionality, benefits, limitations and simulations results for the above
mentioned routing protocols. The obtained results of this simulation indicate that each
protocol has its own significance on a particular QoS metric. It is observed that in
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term of packet delivery fraction and throughput, delay, AOMDV protocol provides
better performance compared to AODV and DSR. It is observer that the performance
of DSDV is higher. And it is observed that DSR protocol overhead is less. And
AODV has higher packet loss. AOMDV incurs more routing overhead than AODV.
AODV gives less delay with respect to pause time. The main conclusion of this paper
is that the choice of which protocol to use, depends on the properties of the network.
In addition, Indrani Das, D.k Lobiyal. And C.P Katti have conducted the paper
“Effect of Node Mobility on AOMDV Protocol in MANET” (2015) evaluated the
effect of node mobility on the performance of AOMDV multipath routing protocol
with different mobility models. The authors contrasted the protocols of AOMDV and
OLSR with Levy-Walk and Gauss Markov Mobility Model, considering varying node
mobility speed and network traffic load. Our results show that in comparison with
OLSR, the AOMDV protocol achieved a higher packet delivery ratio and efficiency.
In comparison, OLSR has less overhead latency and routing at various node densities.
Authors have contrasted the AOMDV and AODV routing protocol with the random
mobility point model with various traffic sources such as TCP and CBR. The result
shows that the performance of both routing protocols degraded with increased traffic.
In MDSR (Multipath Dynamic Source Routing) is a DSR-based on-demand routing
protocol, in reality it is a DSR multi-path extension. An on-demand routing protocol
and extension of well-known DSR protocol is available in SMR (Split Multipath
Routing). The main purpose of this protocol is to split traffic into multiple paths such
that the use of bandwidth is efficiently carried out. In DSR-based GMR (Graph-based
Multipath Routing) protocol, a destination node uses network topology graph to
measure the disjoint route in the network. In MP-DSR, it is based on DSR; it is
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designed to improve end-to-end delay support for QoSAn on-demand multi-path
routing protocol AODV-BR has been introduced in writing. But it doesn't spend extra
control message to set up multipaths. To provide multiple alternative paths, this
protocol uses mesh structure. For their analysis, node-disjunct and link-disjunct multi-
path routing protocol have been considered in authors. Consideration is given to the
various models of mobility Random Waypoint, Random Path, Gauss-Markov, City
Area, and Manhattan. Through the thorough analysis, they have shown that the
development of multipath models in Gauss markov is less, but the consistency of the
path is high. (The random direction model forms a larger number of multipaths.)
AODV and AOMDV protocol have been considered by authors for their random
waypoint model performance analysis. The result shows that AOMDV has more
overhead routing than AODV and a longer end-to-end delay. But in terms of packet
declines and packet distribution, AOMDV performs better. The Steady State mobility
model is used in different energy models with the Random Waypoint Mobility Model
to analyze the energy overhead in routing protocols AOMDV, TORA and OLSR.
Results show that in all energy models, the TORA protocol has the largest energy
overhead. To explore how this protocol operates in various mobility situations,
AOMDV protocol efficiency is evaluated for different mobility models. The results
show that the packet delivery ratio increases with increasing node density but
decreases with increasing node mobility packet delivery ratio.
On the other hand, the research paper titled “Performance Investigation of
Single Path and Multi Path Routing Protocols in High Mobility MANETs” written by
Suveg Moudgil, and Sanjeev Rana, investigated the performance of single path
routing protocol AODV and multipath routing protocol AOMDV under different
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mobility conditions using NS 2.35 simulator. Node are simulated with different
mobility speeds with different pause times. Packet delivery ratio, end to end delay and
network routing load are considered for comparing the AODV and AOMDV
protocols. In high mobility MANETs, AOMDV protocol proves to be more robust
than AODV due to its ability to search for alternate route when current links breaks.
Routing overhead of AOMDV protocol is more due to its alternate route discovery
mechanism. Hence we can conclude that in high mobility MANETs, AOMDV gives
better performance then AODV as it has better PDR and less average end to end delay
but it has more routing overhead.
The studies from Neetha Paulose, and Neethu Paulose with their research
paper entitled “Comparison of on Demand Routing Protocols AODV with AOMDV”
(2016) shows the comparison of two on demand routing protocols, AODV and
AOMDV. AODV is the most basic on demand routing protocol most of the routing
protocols are the enhanced or modified version of AODV. The Ad Hoc On-demand
Distance Vector (AODV) routing scheme is a widely used routing technique in ad hoc
networks due to its low routing traffic overhead. However, the performance of the
minimum hop routing used by AODV degrades significantly when the underlying
system has routes that have high throughput and hop count. Ad hoc on-demand
Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) is the enhanced version of the AODV protocol,
which is part of the ad-hoc wireless networks on demand and reactive routing
protocol. The main objective is to measure several loop-free and link-disjoint paths
between the pair of source and destination. In terms of increased packet delivery ratio,
throughput and reduced average end-to-end delay and uniform overhead power,
AOMDV's value is calculated. Performance evaluation performed using NS2
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simulator tool and comparison with AODV, though maintaining a good packet
delivery ratio, AOMDV can effectively reduce end-to-end delay and energy
consumption. For hybrid network with heterogeneous characteristics, the enhanced
protocol has been created.
This recent research paper written by Xiao Zhou and Hui Tian with their title
“Comparison on Network Simulation Techniques” (2016) indicated that network
simulation is an important tool used to check new algorithms, evaluate network
performance, and implement functional networks. Similar tools for network modeling
is used for various scenarios. Their performance in various applications is discussed in
detail in this paper. The author introduces three main types of network simulation
software: OPNET, Network Simulator (NS) and Objective Modular Network Testbed
(OMNeT++) in C++. NS is widely used in research on the network. This paper
discusses how to apply NS in the analysis of network traffic.
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2.3 Summary
This chapter brings about the research that has to do with the performance of
AOMDV routing protocol through the different flexibility parameters implemented in
MANET. This study is essential in order to obtain an idea and as a guide to the
efficient project.
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CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter will discuss the methods and alternatives used from the start to
the end of the project. This chapter also discusses the simulation tools that will use in
the project. The network simulation tool used is OMNet++ simulator. To go further
into the project, this chapter includes the framework structure and flow chart for a
better understanding of visualization while executing the project. Methodology
research.
3.2 Research of Methodology
In research methodology, the preparation of the project is very relevant to
develop the project. A few phases of methodology are usable. The phases are shown
in figure 3.1 below. The first phase is about identifying the problems regarding the
area. For this project, the problems in MANET are defined. The problem statement is
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defined on the basis of the related research paper or literature review in order to gain a
better understanding of MANET and the issues that have arisen on MANET. The
second phase is designed and developed which tell about this project’s overall
development. This process describes the correct and relevant approaches used to solve
the problems. AOMDV routing protocol is used for this project with different node
mobility speeds. Next phase is project simulation. The simulation to be used in the
project will be addressed in this phase. The OMNet++ version 5.5 is the simulation
used for this project. And the final phase is the performance evaluation. Performance
metrics must be evaluated and analyzed for this project. The performance metrics to
be measured are throughput, packet delivery ratio, and packet delay.
Figure 3.1 Research Methodology
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3.3 Simulation
The project experiment has been conducted by using a simulation network
because in real-life environment required a lot of cost and consumes extensive time.
OMNet++ is an open source, extensible, modular, component based discrete event
simulator tool like NS-2 and NS-3 and completely written in C++. It offers an IDE
based on Eclipse, a graphical runtime environment, and a variety of other tools. It is a
general-purpose simulator that can simulate any network that consists of interacting
devices. OMNeT++ provides an architecture that is component-based, hierarchical,
modular and extensible. A Visual Network Editor (GNED), a NED compiler,
graphical (Tkenv) and command line (Cmdenv) simulation interfaces are included in
the simulation environment. OMNeT++ simulations can be run under various user
interfaces. Graphical, animating user interfaces are highly useful for demonstration
and debugging purposes. The best interfaces for batch execution are command line
user interfaces. There are domain specific features such as sensor network support,
wireless ad hoc networks, Internet protocols, performance modeling, and photonic
networks. OMNeT++ also supports parallel distributed simulation. The parallel
simulation algorithm can easily be extended or new ones can be plugged in. Models
do not need any special instrumentation to run in parallel, it is just a matter of
configuration. The reason for using OMNeT++ for this project because it is only
possible to install this simulation tool directly on Windows 7. This simulation tool
also provides a small-scale network, which makes implementation in the MANET
environment very appropriate.
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After the installation of OMNet++, inetmanet framework imported to
OMNet++ simulator. The purpose of inetmanet framework is to make the
implementation and configuration of MANET easier because inetmanet framework is
required for MANET environment in OMNet++.
Table 3.1: Comparison of Network Simulator
Figure 3.2 OMNet++ Simulation Tool
Figure 3.3 Inet Manet Framework
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3.4 Project Framework
Figure 3.3 Framework of Mobility Speed
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3.5 Project Flowchart
The AOMDV protocol first discovers the multipath route to the destination
through route discovery process and sends the packets to it. The flowchart of the
discovery is shown in Figure 3.3. At the very beginning of data transmission, the
source node broadcasts RREQ and the next hop that has route to the destination sends
back RREP. On the contrary to AODV, AOMDV processes every RREQ. While
AODV processes only the first RREQ and discards the rest. By processing every
RREQ, AOMDV ensures multipath connectivity. The destination node chooses one of
the multipath by comparing the sequence number. The freshest route is guaranteed by
considering the largest sequence number. In case of equal sequence number, path with
less hop count is considered to ensure the shortest path. The destination forwards the
RREP to the source node and the path is defined for data transmission. The packet is
then reached the destination through one of the selected multipath.
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Figure 3.3 Flowchart of AOMDV Routing Protocol
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3.6 Summary
The following chapter clarifies and shows the concept of the research
methodology, framework, and flowchart of the project. It provides a better
understanding for the implementation of the simulator that we selected in this project.
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REFERENCE
1. Preeti Aggarwal, Er. Pranab Garg, “AOMDV Protocols In MANETS : A
Review”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science &
Technology (IJARCST 2016).
2. Neetha Paulose, Neethu Paulose, “Comparison of On Demand Routing
Protocols AODV with AOMDV”, IJSETR Volume 5 Issue 1, January 2016
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